{"name":"Asset register","description":"Every pipeline, field, terminal, refinery, chokepoint and tanker route on the map.","source":"Global Energy Monitor, EIA, operators","updated":"2026-10-05","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"Strategic Energy Infrastructure Map (strategicenergymap.org)","columns":["id","name","type","kind","lat","lon","capacity","capacity_unit","status","url","description"],"rows":[{"id":"strait-of-hormuz","name":"Strait of Hormuz","type":"chokepoint","kind":null,"lat":26.5,"lon":56.3,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"closed","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/chokepoints/strait-of-hormuz/","description":"Connects Persian Gulf to Gulf of Oman. ~21 km at narrowest. ~21 million bpd of oil transits daily (~20% of global supply). Most critical energy chokepoint in the world. Bordered by Iran and Oman."},{"id":"turkish-straits","name":"Turkish Straits (Bosphorus & Dardanelles)","type":"chokepoint","kind":null,"lat":41.1,"lon":29,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"disrupted","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/chokepoints/turkish-straits/","description":"Connects Black Sea to Mediterranean. Bosphorus is ~700m at narrowest. ~3.5 million bpd of oil transits. Governed by 1936 Montreux Convention. Key route for Russian/Kazakh crude exports."},{"id":"suez-canal","name":"Suez Canal","type":"chokepoint","kind":null,"lat":30,"lon":32.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"reduced","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/chokepoints/suez-canal/","description":"Connects Mediterranean to Red Sea. ~193 km long. ~5-6 million bpd of oil and refined products. ~12% of global trade. 2021 Ever Given blockage demonstrated fragility. 2024 Houthi attacks diverted significant traffic."},{"id":"bab-el-mandeb","name":"Bab el-Mandeb","type":"chokepoint","kind":null,"lat":12.6,"lon":43.3,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"disrupted","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/chokepoints/bab-el-mandeb/","description":"Connects Red Sea to Gulf of Aden. ~29 km wide. ~6-7 million bpd of oil. Gateway to/from Suez Canal from the south. Houthi attacks since late 2023 have forced major rerouting around Cape of Good Hope."},{"id":"strait-of-malacca","name":"Strait of Malacca","type":"chokepoint","kind":null,"lat":1.3,"lon":104,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/chokepoints/strait-of-malacca/","description":"Connects Indian Ocean to South China Sea. ~2.5 km at narrowest (Phillips Channel). ~16 million bpd of oil. ~25% of global trade. Critical for China, Japan, South Korea energy imports. Piracy risk."},{"id":"eastern-mediterranean-energy-zone","name":"Eastern Mediterranean Energy Zone","type":"chokepoint","kind":null,"lat":35,"lon":33,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/chokepoints/eastern-mediterranean-energy-zone/","description":"Emerging gas province. Leviathan (Israel), Zohr (Egypt), Aphrodite (Cyprus) fields. Potential pipeline routes (EastMed) to Europe. Geopolitical tensions between Turkey, Greece, Cyprus, Lebanon, Israel."},{"id":"panama-canal","name":"Panama Canal","type":"chokepoint","kind":null,"lat":9.08,"lon":-79.68,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/chokepoints/panama-canal/","description":"Connects Atlantic (Caribbean) to Pacific. ~82 km. Neopanamax locks (2016) accept most LNG carriers. Key route for US Gulf Coast LNG and LPG to Northeast Asia; saves ~2 weeks versus sailing around Africa or Cape Horn."},{"id":"cape-of-good-hope","name":"Cape of Good Hope","type":"chokepoint","kind":null,"lat":-34.36,"lon":18.47,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/chokepoints/cape-of-good-hope/","description":"Southern tip of Africa. Not a chokepoint but the default detour when Suez/Bab el-Mandeb are unsafe or the Panama Canal is restricted. Adds ~10–14 days Asia–Europe and ~3,500 nautical miles."},{"id":"nord-stream-1-2","name":"Nord Stream 1 & 2","type":"pipeline","kind":"gas","lat":56.5,"lon":16,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/nord-stream-1-2/","description":"Russia to Germany via Baltic Sea. ~1,224 km. Combined capacity ~110 bcm/yr. NS1 commissioned 2011, NS2 completed 2021 but never entered regular service. Both severely damaged by explosions in Sept 2022."},{"id":"turkstream","name":"TurkStream","type":"pipeline","kind":"gas","lat":41.8,"lon":31.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/turkstream/","description":"Russia to Turkey via Black Sea. ~930 km. Capacity ~31.5 bcm/yr (2 lines). Commissioned Jan 2020. Replaced cancelled South Stream project. One line serves Turkey, one transits to Southern/Southeastern Europe."},{"id":"yamal-europe-pipeline","name":"Yamal-Europe Pipeline","type":"pipeline","kind":"gas","lat":54.5,"lon":33,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/yamal-europe-pipeline/","description":"Russia (Yamal Peninsula) through Belarus and Poland to Germany. ~4,107 km. Capacity ~33 bcm/yr. Commissioned 1999. Key northern transit route; flows reversed/halted amid Russia-Europe tensions post-2022."},{"id":"brotherhood-pipeline-system","name":"Brotherhood Pipeline System","type":"pipeline","kind":"gas","lat":50,"lon":32,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/brotherhood-pipeline-system/","description":"Russia through Ukraine to Central Europe. Multiple parallel lines totaling ~28,000 km of pipe. Capacity ~100+ bcm/yr. Built 1967-1988. Transit through Ukraine has been the primary route for Russian gas to Europe. Transit agreement expired end of 2024."},{"id":"southern-gas-corridor","name":"Southern Gas Corridor (SCP → TANAP → TAP)","type":"pipeline","kind":"gas","lat":37.5,"lon":34,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/southern-gas-corridor/","description":"Azerbaijan (Shah Deniz) through Georgia, Turkey, Greece to Italy. ~3,500 km total. Capacity expanding to ~20+ bcm/yr. Fully operational 2020. Strategic alternative to Russian gas for Europe. Shah Deniz Phase 2 is the anchor supply."},{"id":"tap","name":"TAP (Trans-Adriatic Pipeline)","type":"pipeline","kind":"gas","lat":40.5,"lon":19,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/tap/","description":"Greece through Albania and Adriatic Sea to southern Italy. ~878 km. Capacity 10 bcm/yr (expandable to 20). Final segment of Southern Gas Corridor. Commissioned 2020."},{"id":"blue-stream","name":"Blue Stream","type":"pipeline","kind":"gas","lat":42,"lon":34,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/blue-stream/","description":"Russia (Beregovaya) to Turkey (Samsun) via Black Sea. ~1,213 km. Capacity ~16 bcm/yr. Commissioned 2005. One of the deepest subsea pipelines globally (~2,150m depth)."},{"id":"power-of-siberia","name":"Power of Siberia","type":"pipeline","kind":"gas","lat":47,"lon":130,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/power-of-siberia/","description":"Russia (Chayandinskoye/Kovyktinskoye fields) to China. ~3,000 km. Capacity 38 bcm/yr at full ramp. Commissioned Dec 2019. 30-year supply contract between Gazprom and CNPC. Key vector in Russia's pivot to Asian markets."},{"id":"central-asia-china-gas-pipeline","name":"Central Asia–China Gas Pipeline","type":"pipeline","kind":"gas","lat":44,"lon":81,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/central-asia-china-gas-pipeline/","description":"Turkmenistan through Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan to China (Xinjiang). ~1,833 km (Line A/B/C). Capacity ~55 bcm/yr. Commissioned 2009. China's largest source of piped gas imports. Line D under construction will add capacity via Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan."},{"id":"iran-turkey-gas-pipeline","name":"Iran–Turkey Gas Pipeline (Tabriz–Ankara)","type":"pipeline","kind":"gas","lat":39.5,"lon":40,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/iran-turkey-gas-pipeline/","description":"Iran (Tabriz) to Turkey (Ankara). ~2,577 km. Capacity ~14 bcm/yr. Commissioned 2001. Frequent disruptions from Kurdish militant attacks on Turkish section and pricing disputes."},{"id":"dolphin-gas-pipeline","name":"Dolphin Gas Pipeline","type":"pipeline","kind":"gas","lat":24.8,"lon":54,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/dolphin-gas-pipeline/","description":"Qatar (North Field) to UAE and Oman. ~364 km. Capacity ~33 bcm/yr. Commissioned 2007. Only cross-border gas pipeline in the Gulf. Supplies ~30% of UAE gas demand."},{"id":"arab-gas-pipeline","name":"Arab Gas Pipeline","type":"pipeline","kind":"gas","lat":32,"lon":36,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/arab-gas-pipeline/","description":"Egypt (El-Arish) to Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon. ~1,200 km. Capacity ~10 bcm/yr. Commissioned 2003 (Phase 1). Frequently sabotaged in Sinai. Largely underutilized due to Egypt's domestic demand and regional instability."},{"id":"druzhba-north","name":"Druzhba Pipeline (Northern Branch)","type":"pipeline","kind":"oil","lat":51,"lon":28,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/druzhba-north/","description":"Russia (Samara) through Belarus and Poland to Germany (Schwedt). World's longest oil pipeline network. ~5,500 km total. Capacity ~60 million tonnes/yr. Built 1964. Northern branch continues to operate, supplying the Schwedt refinery."},{"id":"druzhba-south","name":"Druzhba Pipeline (Southern Branch)","type":"pipeline","kind":"oil","lat":48,"lon":24,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/druzhba-south/","description":"Southern branch: Belarus through Ukraine to Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. Supplies Slovnaft (Bratislava), MOL (Százhalombatta), and Litvinov refineries. Partially subject to EU sanctions waivers for landlocked countries."},{"id":"btc-pipeline","name":"BTC Pipeline (Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan)","type":"pipeline","kind":"oil","lat":40.5,"lon":42,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/btc-pipeline/","description":"Azerbaijan (Sangachal) through Georgia to Turkey (Ceyhan). ~1,768 km. Capacity ~1.2 million bpd. Commissioned 2006. Strategically designed to bypass both Russia and Iran. Backed by BP and a major US/EU energy security priority."},{"id":"kirkuk-ceyhan-pipeline","name":"Kirkuk–Ceyhan Pipeline","type":"pipeline","kind":"oil","lat":37,"lon":40,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/kirkuk-ceyhan-pipeline/","description":"Iraq (Kirkuk) to Turkey (Ceyhan). ~970 km. Capacity ~1.65 million bpd. Commissioned 1977. Primary export route for Iraqi Kurdistan oil. Frequently disrupted by conflict and political disputes between Baghdad, Erbil, and Ankara."},{"id":"espo-pipeline","name":"ESPO Pipeline (Eastern Siberia–Pacific Ocean)","type":"pipeline","kind":"oil","lat":48.5,"lon":125,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/espo-pipeline/","description":"Russia (Taishet) to Kozmino Bay (Pacific coast). ~4,857 km. Capacity ~1.6 million bpd. ESPO-1 commissioned 2009, ESPO-2 in 2012. Spur to Daqing feeds China. Key infrastructure for Russia's oil pivot to Asia-Pacific markets."},{"id":"espo-china-spur","name":"ESPO–China Spur (Skovorodino–Daqing)","type":"pipeline","kind":"oil","lat":47,"lon":123,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/espo-china-spur/","description":"Spur from ESPO mainline (Skovorodino) to Daqing, China. ~1,030 km. Capacity ~600,000 bpd. Commissioned 2011. Supplies China under long-term \"loans for oil\" agreements."},{"id":"kazakhstan-china-oil-pipeline","name":"Kazakhstan–China Oil Pipeline","type":"pipeline","kind":"oil","lat":44.5,"lon":68,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/kazakhstan-china-oil-pipeline/","description":"Kazakhstan (Atyrau) to China (Alashankou/Xinjiang). ~2,228 km. Capacity ~400,000 bpd. Commissioned in phases 2006-2009. Operated by CNPC/KazMunayGas JV. Carries Kazakh and some Russian-origin crude."},{"id":"east-west-pipeline","name":"East-West Pipeline (Petroline)","type":"pipeline","kind":"oil","lat":24.5,"lon":43,"capacity":7,"capacity_unit":"mb/d","status":"reduced","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/east-west-pipeline/","description":"Saudi Arabia: Abqaiq (Eastern Province) to Yanbu (Red Sea). ~1,200 km. Capacity 7 million bpd since a second line was converted from NGL to crude in 2026 (Aramco; 5 million bpd in 2018). Provides strategic bypass of the Strait of Hormuz for Saudi crude exports via the Red Sea."},{"id":"sumed-pipeline","name":"SUMED Pipeline","type":"pipeline","kind":"oil","lat":30.5,"lon":30.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/sumed-pipeline/","description":"Egypt: Ain Sukhna (Red Sea) to Sidi Kerir (Mediterranean). ~320 km. Capacity ~2.5 million bpd. Commissioned 1977. Bypass route for tankers too large for the Suez Canal. Critical chokepoint alternative."},{"id":"habshan-fujairah-pipeline","name":"Habshan–Fujairah Pipeline","type":"pipeline","kind":"oil","lat":25,"lon":56,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/habshan-fujairah-pipeline/","description":"UAE: Habshan (onshore Abu Dhabi) to Fujairah (Gulf of Oman). ~370 km. Capacity ~1.5 million bpd. Commissioned 2012. Allows UAE crude exports to bypass Strait of Hormuz entirely."},{"id":"cpc-pipeline","name":"CPC Pipeline (Caspian Pipeline Consortium)","type":"pipeline","kind":"oil","lat":44.8,"lon":43.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"reduced","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/cpc-pipeline/","description":"Kazakhstan (Tengiz) to Russia (Novorossiysk, Black Sea). ~1,510 km. Capacity ~1.4 million bpd. Commissioned 2001. Primary export route for Kazakh crude. Consortium includes Chevron, ExxonMobil, Shell, KazMunayGas, and Lukoil."},{"id":"trans-mountain","name":"Trans Mountain Pipeline (TMX)","type":"pipeline","kind":"oil","lat":50.7,"lon":-120.3,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/trans-mountain/","description":"Canada: Edmonton, Alberta to Burnaby (Westridge terminal), British Columbia. ~1,150 km. Capacity ~890,000 bpd after the expansion entered service in May 2024 (from ~300,000). Owned by the Government of Canada."},{"id":"keystone","name":"Keystone Pipeline System","type":"pipeline","kind":"oil","lat":44,"lon":-97.3,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/keystone/","description":"Canada (Hardisty, Alberta) to US refineries at Patoka, Cushing and the Texas Gulf Coast. ~4,300 km. Capacity ~620,000 bpd of heavy Canadian crude. Operated by South Bow (spun off from TC Energy in 2024)."},{"id":"colonial-pipeline","name":"Colonial Pipeline","type":"pipeline","kind":"oil","lat":35.2,"lon":-80.8,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/colonial-pipeline/","description":"Refined products (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel): Houston, Texas to Linden, New Jersey. ~8,850 km. Capacity ~2.5 million bpd. Supplies ~45% of the US East Coast's fuel."},{"id":"ghawar-oil","name":"Ghawar","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":25.4,"lon":49.4,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"reduced","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/ghawar-oil/","description":"Saudi Arabia. World's largest conventional oil field. ~3.8M bpd. ~280 km long. Discovered 1948. Contains ~75+ billion barrels remaining recoverable reserves."},{"id":"burgan-oil","name":"Burgan","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":28,"lon":48.3,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/burgan-oil/","description":"Kuwait. World's second-largest oil field. ~1.7M bpd. Discovered 1938. Greater Burgan area includes Magwa and Ahmadi fields. ~70 billion barrels original reserves."},{"id":"rumaila-oil","name":"Rumaila","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":30.6,"lon":47.6,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"reduced","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/rumaila-oil/","description":"Iraq. Supergiant field. ~1.5M bpd. Operated by BP/PetroChina JV. ~17 billion barrels remaining. Iraq's single largest producing field."},{"id":"west-qurna-1-2-oil","name":"West Qurna 1 & 2","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":31.5,"lon":47,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/west-qurna-1-2-oil/","description":"Iraq. Combined ~900,000+ bpd. West Qurna-2 operated by Lukoil. Combined reserves ~20+ billion barrels. Among the last undeveloped supergiant fields globally."},{"id":"majnoon-oil","name":"Majnoon","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":30,"lon":49,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#majnoon-oil","description":"Iraq. ~230,000 bpd. Reserves ~13 billion barrels. Near Iranian border. Discovered 1976, development delayed by decades of conflict."},{"id":"kirkuk-oil","name":"Kirkuk","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":35.3,"lon":44.3,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/kirkuk-oil/","description":"Iraq. One of world's oldest supergiant fields. Discovered 1927. Historically ~450,000 bpd. Feeds Kirkuk-Ceyhan pipeline. Contested between Baghdad and KRG."},{"id":"zakum-oil","name":"Zakum (Upper & Lower)","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":24,"lon":54.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#zakum-oil","description":"UAE (offshore Abu Dhabi). Upper Zakum: ~750,000 bpd. Lower Zakum also significant. Combined reserves ~50+ billion barrels. ADNOC-operated."},{"id":"bu-hasa-oil","name":"Bu Hasa","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":25,"lon":53,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#bu-hasa-oil","description":"UAE (onshore Abu Dhabi). ~550,000 bpd. ADNOC-operated. One of the largest onshore fields in the UAE."},{"id":"yibal-fahud-lekhwair-oil","name":"Yibal / Fahud / Lekhwair","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":23,"lon":57,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#yibal-fahud-lekhwair-oil","description":"Oman. PDO Block 6 cluster. Combined ~600,000+ bpd. Oman's primary producing complex. Enhanced oil recovery extensively deployed."},{"id":"shaybah-oil","name":"Shaybah","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":22.5,"lon":55.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#shaybah-oil","description":"Saudi Arabia (Rub al-Khali / Empty Quarter). ~1M bpd. Remote desert location. Saudi Aramco's flagship deep desert development. Arab Extra Light crude."},{"id":"safaniyah-oil","name":"Safaniyah","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":27,"lon":50,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#safaniyah-oil","description":"Saudi Arabia (offshore). World's largest offshore oil field. ~1.5M bpd capacity. Arabian Heavy crude. Discovered 1951."},{"id":"abqaiq-oil","name":"Abqaiq","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":26,"lon":50.8,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"damaged","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/abqaiq-oil/","description":"Saudi Arabia. Major processing and field complex. ~1M bpd processing capacity. Drone/missile attack in Sept 2019 briefly knocked out ~5.7M bpd."},{"id":"khafji-oil","name":"Khafji (Partitioned Neutral Zone)","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":27.8,"lon":51.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#khafji-oil","description":"Saudi Arabia / Kuwait shared zone. ~300,000 bpd potential. Shut-in 2014-2020 due to diplomatic dispute. Restarted 2020."},{"id":"tengiz-oil","name":"Tengiz","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":43.3,"lon":51.2,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/tengiz-oil/","description":"Kazakhstan. Supergiant field. ~600,000+ bpd, expanding to ~850,000 bpd with FGP project. Discovered 1979. Chevron-led Tengizchevroil. High H₂S content."},{"id":"kashagan-oil","name":"Kashagan","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":46.8,"lon":51.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/kashagan-oil/","description":"Kazakhstan (offshore Caspian). ~400,000+ bpd. One of world's most technically challenging and expensive developments. ~$55B invested. Phase 2 planned. ~13 billion barrels reserves."},{"id":"acg-oil","name":"ACG (Azeri-Chirag-Deepwater Gunashli)","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":41.3,"lon":49.8,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/acg-oil/","description":"Azerbaijan (offshore Caspian). ~500,000+ bpd. BP-operated. \"Contract of the Century\" (1994). Feeds BTC pipeline. ~5 billion barrels remaining."},{"id":"karachaganak-oil","name":"Karachaganak","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":44,"lon":50.8,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#karachaganak-oil","description":"Kazakhstan. Giant oil and gas condensate field. ~300,000 bpd oil + ~16 bcm/yr gas. Shell/Eni JV. Feeds CPC pipeline and Orenburg gas plant."},{"id":"samotlor-oil","name":"Samotlor","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":61,"lon":73.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/samotlor-oil/","description":"Russia (West Siberia). Once world's largest producing field. Peak ~3.4M bpd in 1980. Now ~300,000+ bpd. Discovered 1965. ~28 billion barrels produced to date."},{"id":"priobskoye-oil","name":"Priobskoye","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":61.5,"lon":72,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#priobskoye-oil","description":"Russia (West Siberia). ~700,000+ bpd. Rosneft-operated. One of Russia's top producing fields. Khanty-Mansiysk region."},{"id":"vankor-oil","name":"Vankor","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":68.5,"lon":76,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/vankor-oil/","description":"Russia (East Siberia). ~400,000+ bpd. Rosneft-operated. Discovered 1988. Feeds ESPO pipeline. India's ONGC holds partial stake."},{"id":"verkhnechonskoye-oil","name":"Verkhnechonskoye","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":56,"lon":107.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#verkhnechonskoye-oil","description":"Russia (East Siberia / Irkutsk). ~120,000+ bpd. Rosneft-operated. Feeds ESPO pipeline. Key East Siberian field."},{"id":"ahvaz-oil","name":"Ahvaz","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":31.5,"lon":49.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/ahvaz-oil/","description":"Iran (Khuzestan). ~750,000 bpd. One of Iran's largest onshore fields. Part of the greater Marun-Ahvaz-Aghajari complex. Discovered 1958."},{"id":"marun-oil","name":"Marun","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":30.5,"lon":50.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#marun-oil","description":"Iran (Khuzestan). ~500,000 bpd. Part of the Dezful Embayment super-province. Discovered 1963. ~22 billion barrels original oil in place."},{"id":"aghajari-oil","name":"Aghajari","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":30,"lon":50,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#aghajari-oil","description":"Iran (Khuzestan). ~200,000 bpd. Historically one of Iran's most productive. Discovered 1938. Feeds Abadan refinery."},{"id":"south-pars-oil-layer-oil","name":"South Pars Oil Layer","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":27,"lon":52.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#south-pars-oil-layer-oil","description":"Iran (offshore). Oil layer beneath the giant South Pars gas field. ~300,000+ bpd potential. Technically complex development."},{"id":"daqing-oil","name":"Daqing","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":46.6,"lon":124.8,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/daqing-oil/","description":"China (Heilongjiang). China's largest oil field. Peaked at ~1.1M bpd (1976). Now ~600,000 bpd after decades of EOR. Discovered 1959. National symbol of industrial self-reliance."},{"id":"changqing-oil","name":"Changqing","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":37.5,"lon":109,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#changqing-oil","description":"China (Ordos Basin, Shaanxi/Inner Mongolia). China's top producing oil & gas region. ~500,000+ bpd oil + significant gas. PetroChina. Tight oil and gas play."},{"id":"tarim-basin-fields-oil","name":"Tarim Basin Fields","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":40.5,"lon":83,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/tarim-basin-fields-oil/","description":"China (Xinjiang). Multiple fields including Tahe, Lunnan. Combined ~250,000+ bpd. Ultra-deep drilling (7,000m+). PetroChina."},{"id":"north-field-south-pars-gas","name":"North Field / South Pars","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":26.5,"lon":52,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"damaged","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/north-field-south-pars-gas/","description":"Qatar / Iran. World's largest natural gas field. Shared structure: Qatar's North Field (~24.7 tcm reserves) and Iran's South Pars (~14 tcm). Feeds Qatar's LNG empire and Iran's domestic supply. ~200+ bcm/yr combined output."},{"id":"kish-gas-field-gas","name":"Kish Gas Field","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":26,"lon":55.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#kish-gas-field-gas","description":"Iran (offshore). ~1.3 tcm reserves. Under development. Near Kish Island."},{"id":"dome-gas","name":"Dome (North Dome Extension)","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":25.5,"lon":52.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/dome-gas/","description":"Qatar. NFE & NFS expansion projects adding ~64 MTPA LNG capacity by 2027-2028. World's largest LNG expansion ever undertaken. QatarEnergy-led."},{"id":"galkynysh-gas","name":"Galkynysh (formerly South Yolotan)","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":37,"lon":62,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/galkynysh-gas/","description":"Turkmenistan. World's second-largest gas field. ~21.2 tcm reserves. Feeds Central Asia-China pipeline. Potential anchor for TAPI pipeline. CNPC involved in development."},{"id":"dauletabad-gas","name":"Dauletabad","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":38.5,"lon":55,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#dauletabad-gas","description":"Turkmenistan. Major gas field. ~1.7 tcm reserves. One of Turkmenistan's oldest producing gas fields. Historically fed Soviet pipeline system."},{"id":"karabogaz-gas-fields-gas","name":"Karabogaz Gas Fields","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":42,"lon":53,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#karabogaz-gas-fields-gas","description":"Turkmenistan (Caspian coast). Multiple gas fields in western Turkmenistan. Feed domestic and potential trans-Caspian exports."},{"id":"shah-deniz-gas","name":"Shah Deniz","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":41.5,"lon":50,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/shah-deniz-gas/","description":"Azerbaijan (offshore Caspian). ~1.2 tcm reserves. BP-operated. Anchor supply for Southern Gas Corridor (SCP → TANAP → TAP). Phase 2 added ~16 bcm/yr capacity."},{"id":"karachaganak-gas","name":"Karachaganak","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":44.5,"lon":50.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#karachaganak-gas","description":"Kazakhstan. Giant gas-condensate field. ~16 bcm/yr gas + 300K bpd condensate/oil. Shell/Eni-operated. Feeds Orenburg processing plant in Russia."},{"id":"bovanenkovo-gas","name":"Bovanenkovo","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":71,"lon":72,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/bovanenkovo-gas/","description":"Russia (Yamal Peninsula). ~4.9 tcm reserves. Gazprom's flagship Arctic gas development. ~115 bcm/yr capacity. Feeds Yamal-Europe pipeline. Extreme Arctic conditions."},{"id":"urengoy-gas","name":"Urengoy","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":66.5,"lon":78,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/urengoy-gas/","description":"Russia (West Siberia). One of world's largest gas fields. ~10 tcm original reserves. Discovered 1966. Heart of Soviet/Russian gas industry. Feeds Brotherhood pipeline system."},{"id":"yamburg-gas","name":"Yamburg","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":68,"lon":75.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#yamburg-gas","description":"Russia (West Siberia). ~5.2 tcm original reserves. Discovered 1969. Gazprom's second-largest producing field. ~170+ bcm/yr."},{"id":"zapolyarnoye-gas","name":"Zapolyarnoye","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":67,"lon":73,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#zapolyarnoye-gas","description":"Russia (West Siberia). ~3.5 tcm reserves. Discovered 1965. ~130 bcm/yr. Gazprom-operated. Key source for Russian pipeline gas."},{"id":"medvezhye-gas","name":"Medvezhye","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":68,"lon":72.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#medvezhye-gas","description":"Russia (West Siberia). ~2.3 tcm original reserves. One of the earliest giant Siberian gas fields developed. Declining but still producing."},{"id":"chayandinskoye-gas","name":"Chayandinskoye","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":62,"lon":130,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#chayandinskoye-gas","description":"Russia (Yakutia). ~1.2 tcm gas + oil/condensate. Gazprom. Anchor field for Power of Siberia pipeline to China. Production ramping up."},{"id":"kovyktinskoye-gas","name":"Kovyktinskoye","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":63.5,"lon":143,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#kovyktinskoye-gas","description":"Russia (Irkutsk). ~1.8 tcm reserves. Second anchor for Power of Siberia. Connected to pipeline 2022. Gazprom-operated. Helium-rich."},{"id":"yamal-lng-arctic-lng-2-zone-gas","name":"Yamal LNG / Arctic LNG-2 Zone","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":71.5,"lon":68.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/yamal-lng-arctic-lng-2-zone-gas/","description":"Russia (Yamal/Gydan Peninsulas). Novatek-led LNG projects. Yamal LNG: ~16.5 MTPA (Sabetta port). Arctic LNG-2: ~19.8 MTPA (under sanctions pressure). South Tambey field."},{"id":"zohr-gas","name":"Zohr","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":31.5,"lon":32.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/zohr-gas/","description":"Egypt (offshore Mediterranean). ~850 bcm reserves. Largest gas discovery in Mediterranean. ENI-operated. Discovered 2015. ~28+ bcm/yr. Transformed Egypt from gas importer to potential exporter."},{"id":"leviathan-gas","name":"Leviathan","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":32,"lon":34.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/leviathan-gas/","description":"Israel (offshore Mediterranean). ~605 bcm reserves. Chevron-operated (acquired Noble Energy). ~12 bcm/yr. Exports to Egypt and Jordan. Discovered 2010."},{"id":"tamar-gas","name":"Tamar","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":32.5,"lon":34,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#tamar-gas","description":"Israel (offshore Mediterranean). ~300 bcm reserves. Chevron-operated. ~10.5 bcm/yr. Israel's primary domestic gas source. Discovered 2009."},{"id":"aphrodite-gas","name":"Aphrodite","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":34.5,"lon":32.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/aphrodite-gas/","description":"Cyprus (offshore). ~140 bcm reserves. Discovered 2011. Development stalled by Turkey-Cyprus tensions. Potential tie-in to Egypt LNG infrastructure."},{"id":"kangan-nar-dalan-gas","name":"Kangan / Nar / Dalan","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":33,"lon":52.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#kangan-nar-dalan-gas","description":"Iran (onshore Fars). Major gas-producing complex feeding South Iran gas pipelines. ~20+ bcm/yr combined. Key domestic supply source."},{"id":"assaluyeh-complex-fields-gas","name":"Assaluyeh Complex Fields","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":28.5,"lon":52,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#assaluyeh-complex-fields-gas","description":"Iran (Bushehr). Onshore processing hub for South Pars gas. Multiple gathering fields. ~10 bcm/yr. Also major petrochemical feedstock."},{"id":"natuna-d-alpha-gas","name":"Natuna D-Alpha","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":6,"lon":106.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/natuna-d-alpha-gas/","description":"Indonesia (South China Sea). ~1.3 tcm reserves but extremely high CO₂ content (~71%). Technically challenging. Contested waters. Under slow development."},{"id":"malaysia-offshore-gas-fields-gas","name":"Malaysia Offshore Gas Fields","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":5,"lon":108,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#malaysia-offshore-gas-fields-gas","description":"Malaysia (Sarawak/Sabah offshore). Multiple giant fields (Jintan, Helang, Kebabangan). Combined ~30+ bcm/yr. Feed Bintulu LNG and Petronas FLNG."},{"id":"yacheng-lingshui-gas","name":"Yacheng / Lingshui","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":20,"lon":109,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/yacheng-lingshui-gas/","description":"China (South China Sea). CNOOC-operated. ~10+ bcm/yr combined. Feeds Hainan and mainland via subsea pipeline. Strategic deepwater development zone."},{"id":"sulige-gas","name":"Sulige","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":38,"lon":118,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#sulige-gas","description":"China (Ordos Basin). China's largest gas field. ~30+ bcm/yr. PetroChina. Tight gas development at scale. Discovered 2000."},{"id":"permian-basin","name":"Permian Basin","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":31.9,"lon":-102.3,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/permian-basin/","description":"West Texas / New Mexico, USA. World's most productive oil basin, ~6+ million bpd of crude plus large associated gas output. Driven by shale (horizontal drilling and fracking)."},{"id":"haynesville-gas","name":"Haynesville Shale","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":32.3,"lon":-93.7,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#haynesville-gas","description":"Louisiana / East Texas, USA. ~15+ bcf/d of gas. Located next to the Gulf Coast LNG export terminals, it is the main feedgas source for new US LNG capacity."},{"id":"marcellus-gas","name":"Marcellus / Utica Shale","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":41.3,"lon":-77,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#marcellus-gas","description":"Pennsylvania / West Virginia / Ohio, USA. Largest US gas-producing region, ~35 bcf/d. Pipeline limits mean most of its gas serves domestic demand rather than LNG exports."},{"id":"gulf-of-mexico-offshore","name":"US Gulf Deepwater","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":27.5,"lon":-90.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#gulf-of-mexico-offshore","description":"Offshore Louisiana/Texas. ~1.8 million bpd from deepwater platforms (Mars, Thunder Horse, Atlantis and others). Exposed to hurricanes."},{"id":"athabasca-oil-sands","name":"Alberta Oil Sands","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":57,"lon":-111.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/athabasca-oil-sands/","description":"Canada (Athabasca, Cold Lake, Peace River). ~3.5 million bpd of bitumen and synthetic crude. Third-largest proven reserves globally (~165 bn bbl). Exported via Enbridge Mainline, Keystone and TMX."},{"id":"orinoco-belt","name":"Orinoco Belt","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":8.5,"lon":-64,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/orinoco-belt/","description":"Venezuela. World's largest oil reserves (~300 bn bbl of extra-heavy crude). Venezuela's output fell from ~3 million bpd (late 1990s) to under 1 million bpd, due to underinvestment, mismanagement and US sanctions."},{"id":"stabroek","name":"Stabroek Block (Guyana)","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":8,"lon":-56.9,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/stabroek/","description":"Guyana (offshore). ExxonMobil (45%, operator), Chevron (30%, via its 2025 acquisition of Hess), CNOOC (25%). ~900,000 bpd capacity from four FPSOs by late 2025; >11 bn bbl discovered. The fastest-growing oil province outside the Middle East."},{"id":"santos-presal","name":"Santos Basin Pre-Salt (Brazil)","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":-25,"lon":-43,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/santos-presal/","description":"Brazil (offshore). Petrobras-led, including Búzios, Tupi and Mero. Pre-salt is ~75–80% of Brazil's ~3.5+ million bpd output. Brazil is now a top-10 global producer and a major crude exporter to China."},{"id":"vaca-muerta","name":"Vaca Muerta (Argentina)","type":"field","kind":"oil","lat":-38.5,"lon":-69,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#vaca-muerta","description":"Argentina (Neuquén). Shale oil and gas; oil output passed ~400,000 bpd in 2024–25 and is growing fast. New export pipelines to the Atlantic coast underway."},{"id":"shah-gas-field","name":"Shah sour gas field and plant (Abu Dhabi)","type":"field","kind":"gas","lat":23.05,"lon":53.65,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/shah-gas-field/","description":"Ultra-sour gas development supplying at least 500 MMcf/d to the UAE grid."},{"id":"ghawar-field","name":"Ghawar Field","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":25.5,"lon":49.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#ghawar-field","description":"Saudi Arabia. World's largest conventional oil field. ~3.8 million bpd. Discovered 1948, production since 1951. ~280 km long."},{"id":"north-field-south-pars","name":"North Field / South Pars","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":26,"lon":51.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#north-field-south-pars","description":"Qatar / Iran. World's largest natural gas field. Qatar's North Field: ~77 bcm/yr. Iran's South Pars: ~200+ bcm/yr (gas) + condensate. Feeds Qatar's LNG and Iran's domestic supply."},{"id":"tengiz-field","name":"Tengiz Field","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":43.5,"lon":51,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#tengiz-field","description":"Kazakhstan. Giant oil field. ~600,000+ bpd. Operated by Tengizchevroil (Chevron 50%). Expansion (FGP-WPMP) boosting capacity significantly."},{"id":"acg","name":"ACG (Azeri-Chirag-Deepwater Gunashli)","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":41.5,"lon":50,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#acg","description":"Azerbaijan (offshore Caspian). ~500,000+ bpd. Operated by BP. Feeds BTC pipeline. \"Contract of the Century\" signed 1994."},{"id":"west-siberian-basin","name":"West Siberian Basin","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":61.5,"lon":73,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#west-siberian-basin","description":"Russia. Massive oil and gas producing region. ~6 million bpd of oil equivalent. Includes Samotlor, Priobskoye, and hundreds of fields. Russia's hydrocarbon heartland."},{"id":"yamal-peninsula-gas-fields","name":"Yamal Peninsula Gas Fields","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":71,"lon":72,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#yamal-peninsula-gas-fields","description":"Russia. Bovanenkovo, Kharasavey and other fields. Anchors Yamal-Europe pipeline and Yamal LNG plant. ~115+ bcm/yr gas."},{"id":"chayandinskoye-field","name":"Chayandinskoye Field","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":62,"lon":130,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#chayandinskoye-field","description":"Russia (Yakutia). Gas and condensate. Anchor field for Power of Siberia pipeline to China. Reserves ~1.2 tcm gas."},{"id":"galkynysh-gas-field","name":"Galkynysh Gas Field","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":37.5,"lon":62,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#galkynysh-gas-field","description":"Turkmenistan. World's second-largest gas field. Reserves ~21.2 tcm. Feeds Central Asia-China pipeline. Potential future supply for TAPI pipeline."},{"id":"burgan-field","name":"Burgan Field","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":28,"lon":48.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#burgan-field","description":"Kuwait. World's second-largest oil field. ~1.5 million bpd. Discovered 1938."},{"id":"strait-of-hormuz-offshore-fields","name":"Strait of Hormuz Offshore Fields","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":27.5,"lon":56,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#strait-of-hormuz-offshore-fields","description":"Iran (offshore). Major fields include Salman, Sirri, Reshadat. Key Iranian offshore oil production zone."},{"id":"pdo-block-6","name":"PDO Block 6 (Oman)","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":23.5,"lon":57,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#pdo-block-6","description":"Oman. Petroleum Development Oman's main concession. ~600,000+ bpd. Includes Yibal, Fahud, Lekhwair fields."},{"id":"kashagan-field","name":"Kashagan Field","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":46.8,"lon":51.8,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#kashagan-field","description":"Kazakhstan (offshore Caspian). Giant oil field with ~380,000+ bpd. One of the world's most technically challenging developments. Phase 2 expansion planned."},{"id":"kirkuk-oil-field","name":"Kirkuk Oil Field","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":35.5,"lon":44.4,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#kirkuk-oil-field","description":"Iraq. One of the world's oldest and largest fields. Discovered 1927. Historically ~450,000 bpd. Source for Kirkuk-Ceyhan pipeline."},{"id":"rumaila-field","name":"Rumaila Field","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":30.5,"lon":47.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#rumaila-field","description":"Iraq. Supergiant field. ~1.5 million bpd. Operated by BP/PetroChina JV. Iraq's largest producing field."},{"id":"kovyktinskoye-field","name":"Kovyktinskoye Field","type":"site","kind":"production","lat":63,"lon":143,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#kovyktinskoye-field","description":"Russia (Irkutsk). Major gas field. Reserves ~1.8 tcm. Second anchor field for Power of Siberia pipeline."},{"id":"jamnagar-refinery","name":"Jamnagar Refinery","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":22.4,"lon":69.7,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/jamnagar-refinery/","description":"India (Gujarat). Reliance Industries. World's largest refining complex. ~1.24 million bpd. Major processor of Middle Eastern crude."},{"id":"ruwais-refinery","name":"Ruwais Refinery","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":24.1,"lon":52.6,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#ruwais-refinery","description":"UAE (Abu Dhabi). ADNOC. ~922,000 bpd after expansion. One of the largest integrated refining and petrochemical complexes globally."},{"id":"ras-tanura-refinery","name":"Ras Tanura Refinery","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":26.6,"lon":50.1,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#ras-tanura-refinery","description":"Saudi Arabia. Saudi Aramco. ~550,000 bpd. Also one of world's largest crude oil export terminals."},{"id":"rotterdam-refining-hub","name":"Rotterdam Refining Hub","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":51.9,"lon":4.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/rotterdam-refining-hub/","description":"Netherlands. Multiple refineries (Shell Pernis ~404,000 bpd is Europe's largest). Rotterdam is Europe's #1 refining and oil trading hub."},{"id":"jurong-island-refining-complex","name":"Jurong Island Refining Complex","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":1.3,"lon":103.7,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/jurong-island-refining-complex/","description":"Singapore. Multiple operators (ExxonMobil, Shell, others). ~1.5 million bpd combined. Asia's refining and trading hub."},{"id":"ulsan-refinery","name":"Ulsan Refinery","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":35.5,"lon":129.4,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#ulsan-refinery","description":"South Korea. SK Energy. ~840,000 bpd. World's third-largest single refinery."},{"id":"negishi-yokohama-refineries","name":"Negishi / Yokohama Refineries","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":35,"lon":136.9,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#negishi-yokohama-refineries","description":"Japan. ENEOS. Major refining hub for Japan's energy supply."},{"id":"jubail-industrial-complex","name":"Jubail Industrial Complex","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":26.2,"lon":50.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#jubail-industrial-complex","description":"Saudi Arabia. SATORP (Saudi Aramco/Total JV). ~400,000 bpd. Major export-oriented refinery."},{"id":"gelsenkirchen-refinery","name":"Gelsenkirchen Refinery","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":51.5,"lon":6.7,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#gelsenkirchen-refinery","description":"Germany. BP. ~260,000 bpd. One of Germany's largest refineries."},{"id":"aspropyrgos-refinery","name":"Aspropyrgos Refinery","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":37.8,"lon":24,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#aspropyrgos-refinery","description":"Greece. Hellenic Petroleum. ~148,000 bpd. Greece's largest refinery."},{"id":"tupras-izmit-refinery","name":"Tupras Izmit Refinery","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":40.7,"lon":29.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#tupras-izmit-refinery","description":"Turkey. Tupras. ~226,000 bpd. Turkey's largest refinery."},{"id":"mumbai-refining-hub","name":"Mumbai Refining Hub","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":19,"lon":72.8,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#mumbai-refining-hub","description":"India. BPCL/HPCL refineries. Combined ~500,000+ bpd. Key Indian west coast refining center."},{"id":"tianjin-hebei-refining-hub","name":"Tianjin / Hebei Refining Hub","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":39,"lon":117,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#tianjin-hebei-refining-hub","description":"China. Multiple large refineries. Key refining cluster for northern China."},{"id":"zhoushan-ningbo-refining-hub","name":"Zhoushan / Ningbo Refining Hub","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":30.5,"lon":122,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#zhoushan-ningbo-refining-hub","description":"China (Zhejiang). Multiple mega-refineries including Zhejiang Petrochemical (~800,000 bpd). China's newest mega-refining zone."},{"id":"fujairah","name":"Fujairah","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":25.1,"lon":56.3,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"disrupted","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#fujairah","description":"UAE. World's second-largest bunkering port. Major oil storage hub outside Strait of Hormuz. ~9 million cubic meters of storage capacity."},{"id":"singapore","name":"Singapore","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":1.3,"lon":103.8,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#singapore","description":"World's busiest transshipment port. ~5 million bpd of oil passes through. Major oil trading, storage, and refining center."},{"id":"rotterdam","name":"Rotterdam","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":51.9,"lon":4.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#rotterdam","description":"Netherlands. Europe's largest port. Major crude oil import and petroleum product distribution hub. ~100+ million tonnes of oil throughput/yr."},{"id":"ceyhan-terminal","name":"Ceyhan Terminal","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":36.8,"lon":35.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#ceyhan-terminal","description":"Turkey. Mediterranean terminal for BTC and Kirkuk-Ceyhan pipelines. ~3+ million bpd combined capacity. Major crude export point."},{"id":"novorossiysk","name":"Novorossiysk","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":44.6,"lon":37.8,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"disrupted","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#novorossiysk","description":"Russia (Black Sea). Largest Russian oil export terminal. Handles CPC blend and Urals crude. ~1.5+ million bpd."},{"id":"ras-tanura-terminal","name":"Ras Tanura Terminal","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":26.6,"lon":50.1,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"reduced","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#ras-tanura-terminal","description":"Saudi Arabia. World's largest offshore oil loading facility. ~6+ million bpd capacity. Saudi Aramco's primary export terminal."},{"id":"mina-al-ahmadi","name":"Mina al-Ahmadi","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":29,"lon":48.2,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"damaged","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#mina-al-ahmadi","description":"Kuwait. Kuwait's main oil export terminal. ~2+ million bpd capacity."},{"id":"kharg-island","name":"Kharg Island","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":30.4,"lon":49.3,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"disrupted","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#kharg-island","description":"Iran. Iran's largest oil export terminal. ~5 million bpd capacity. Handles ~90% of Iranian crude exports."},{"id":"kozmino-bay","name":"Kozmino Bay (ESPO Terminal)","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":43.5,"lon":132.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#kozmino-bay","description":"Russia (Pacific). Terminal for ESPO pipeline crude. ~1.6 million bpd. Key export point for Russia-to-Asia oil flows."},{"id":"yanbu-terminal","name":"Yanbu Terminal","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":24.2,"lon":38.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"disrupted","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#yanbu-terminal","description":"Saudi Arabia (Red Sea). Terminal for East-West/Petroline crude. Provides Hormuz bypass. Also major NGL and refining hub."},{"id":"sidi-kerir-terminal","name":"Sidi Kerir Terminal","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":31,"lon":30,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#sidi-kerir-terminal","description":"Egypt (Mediterranean). SUMED pipeline terminus. Handles ~1.5 million bpd of crude that bypasses Suez."},{"id":"jebel-ali-dubai","name":"Jebel Ali / Dubai","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":25,"lon":55.2,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#jebel-ali-dubai","description":"UAE. Major trading and logistics hub. Dubai Mercantile Exchange sets Oman crude benchmark. ~15 million TEU container throughput."},{"id":"hong-kong-south-china-sea-hub","name":"Hong Kong / South China Sea Hub","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":22.3,"lon":114.2,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#hong-kong-south-china-sea-hub","description":"Major LNG and crude transshipment corridor. Gateway for energy imports into southern China."},{"id":"djibouti","name":"Djibouti","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":12.6,"lon":43.1,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#djibouti","description":"Strategic port at Bab el-Mandeb entrance. Military bases from US, China, France, Japan. Key chokepoint anchorage."},{"id":"ras-laffan-lng","name":"Ras Laffan LNG","type":"site","kind":"lng","lat":25.9,"lon":51.55,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":"damaged","url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/ras-laffan-lng/","description":"Qatar. QatarEnergy LNG. World's largest LNG export complex, ~77 MTPA across 14 trains, expanding toward ~142 MTPA with the North Field East and South projects. Every cargo must exit through the Strait of Hormuz."},{"id":"sabine-pass-lng","name":"Sabine Pass LNG","type":"site","kind":"lng","lat":29.74,"lon":-93.87,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/sabine-pass-lng/","description":"Louisiana, USA. Cheniere Energy. ~30 MTPA across 6 trains. The first Lower 48 LNG export terminal (first cargo Feb 2016)."},{"id":"corpus-christi-lng","name":"Corpus Christi LNG","type":"site","kind":"lng","lat":27.88,"lon":-97.26,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#corpus-christi-lng","description":"Texas, USA. Cheniere Energy. ~15 MTPA from 3 trains, plus Stage 3 midscale trains adding >10 MTPA from 2025. Port of Corpus Christi is also the largest US crude export port."},{"id":"freeport-lng","name":"Freeport LNG","type":"site","kind":"lng","lat":28.94,"lon":-95.31,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/freeport-lng/","description":"Texas, USA. ~15 MTPA across 3 trains. A June 2022 fire shut the plant until early 2023, removing ~17% of US LNG export capacity during the European gas crisis."},{"id":"cameron-lng","name":"Cameron LNG","type":"site","kind":"lng","lat":30.04,"lon":-93.33,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#cameron-lng","description":"Louisiana, USA. Sempra (with TotalEnergies, Mitsui, Japan LNG Investment). ~12 MTPA across 3 trains. Exports began 2019; fourth-train expansion approved."},{"id":"calcasieu-pass-lng","name":"Calcasieu Pass LNG","type":"site","kind":"lng","lat":29.77,"lon":-93.34,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/calcasieu-pass-lng/","description":"Louisiana, USA. Venture Global. ~10 MTPA of modular midscale trains. First cargo 2022."},{"id":"plaquemines-lng","name":"Plaquemines LNG","type":"site","kind":"lng","lat":29.62,"lon":-89.86,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#plaquemines-lng","description":"Louisiana, USA. Venture Global. ~20 MTPA nameplate (27+ MTPA peak) of modular trains. First cargo Dec 2024; ramped rapidly through 2025."},{"id":"golden-pass-lng","name":"Golden Pass LNG","type":"site","kind":"lng","lat":29.76,"lon":-93.93,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/golden-pass-lng/","description":"Texas, USA. QatarEnergy (70%) / ExxonMobil (30%). ~18 MTPA across 3 trains. Start-up of the first train expected around 2025–26 after contractor bankruptcy delays."},{"id":"loop-terminal","name":"LOOP (Louisiana Offshore Oil Port)","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":28.88,"lon":-90.02,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#loop-terminal","description":"Offshore Louisiana (Gulf of Mexico). The only US port able to fully load and unload VLCC supertankers. ~1.2 million bpd import capacity; now also exports crude. Connected to Gulf Coast refineries and Strategic Petroleum Reserve sites."},{"id":"us-spr","name":"US Strategic Petroleum Reserve","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":29.8,"lon":-93.6,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/us-spr/","description":"Four salt-cavern storage sites in Texas and Louisiana (Bryan Mound, Big Hill, West Hackberry, Bayou Choctaw). Authorized capacity ~714 million barrels. Maximum drawdown rate ~4.4 million bpd."},{"id":"houston-refining-hub","name":"Houston / Texas City Refining Hub","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":29.73,"lon":-95.05,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#houston-refining-hub","description":"Texas, USA. ExxonMobil Baytown (~560,000 bpd), Marathon Galveston Bay (~590,000 bpd) and others. Part of the Gulf Coast cluster that holds ~half of US refining capacity."},{"id":"port-arthur-refining-hub","name":"Port Arthur / Beaumont Refining Hub","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":29.87,"lon":-93.93,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/#port-arthur-refining-hub","description":"Texas, USA. Motiva Port Arthur (~630,000 bpd, largest refinery in the US), plus Valero and ExxonMobil Beaumont. Built to run heavy sour crude from Canada, Venezuela and the Middle East."},{"id":"jose-terminal","name":"Jose Terminal","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":10.1,"lon":-64.83,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/jose-terminal/","description":"Venezuela (Anzoátegui). PDVSA's main crude export terminal and upgrader complex for Orinoco Belt extra-heavy crude blends."},{"id":"abqaiq-processing-plant","name":"Abqaiq oil processing facility","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":25.93,"lon":49.67,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/abqaiq-processing-plant/","description":"Aramco's main crude stabilisation plant, ~7 mb/d capacity, processing Ghawar and other Eastern Province crude before export or shipment on the East-West pipeline."},{"id":"jazan-refinery","name":"Aramco Jazan refinery","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":16.73,"lon":42.6,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/jazan-refinery/","description":"Red Sea coastal refinery in southwest Saudi Arabia, ~400 kb/d per press reports."},{"id":"samref-refinery","name":"SAMREF refinery (Yanbu)","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":23.98,"lon":38.24,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/samref-refinery/","description":"Aramco-ExxonMobil refinery at Yanbu on the Red Sea."},{"id":"ras-al-juaymah-terminal","name":"Ras al-Ju'aymah crude/LPG terminal","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":26.9,"lon":50,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/ras-al-juaymah-terminal/","description":"Saudi Gulf crude and LPG export terminal near Ras Tanura."},{"id":"mesaieed-industrial-city","name":"Mesaieed Industrial City (Qatar)","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":24.99,"lon":51.55,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/mesaieed-industrial-city/","description":"Qatari petrochemical, fertiliser and export hub."},{"id":"basra-oil-terminal","name":"Basra Oil Terminal (Al Basrah / Khor al-Amaya)","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":29.68,"lon":48.81,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/basra-oil-terminal/","description":"Iraq's southern offshore crude export terminals, ~3.3-3.5 mb/d pre-war."},{"id":"primorsk-terminal","name":"Primorsk oil terminal","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":60.34,"lon":28.72,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/primorsk-terminal/","description":"Russia's largest Baltic crude export port."},{"id":"ust-luga-terminal","name":"Ust-Luga port (oil and products)","type":"site","kind":"hub","lat":59.68,"lon":28.4,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/ust-luga-terminal/","description":"Baltic crude and product export port."},{"id":"tuapse-refinery","name":"Tuapse refinery and oil terminal","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":44.1,"lon":39.07,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/tuapse-refinery/","description":"Rosneft Black Sea refinery and export terminal."},{"id":"moscow-refinery","name":"Gazpromneft Moscow refinery (Kapotnya)","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":55.645,"lon":37.8,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/moscow-refinery/","description":"~12 Mt/yr refinery supplying the Moscow region."},{"id":"bazan-haifa-refinery","name":"Bazan refinery (Haifa)","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":32.8,"lon":35.05,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/bazan-haifa-refinery/","description":"Israel's largest refinery."},{"id":"mina-abdullah-refinery","name":"Mina Abdullah refinery (Kuwait)","type":"site","kind":"refinery","lat":29,"lon":48.16,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/facilities/mina-abdullah-refinery/","description":"Kuwait National Petroleum Co. refinery south of Kuwait City."},{"id":"gulf-asia","name":"Persian Gulf → Asia (tanker route)","type":"route","kind":"oil","lat":15,"lon":75,"capacity":14.5,"capacity_unit":"mb/d","status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/","description":null},{"id":"gulf-europe-suez","name":"Persian Gulf → Europe via Suez (tanker route)","type":"route","kind":"oil","lat":30,"lon":32.5,"capacity":2,"capacity_unit":"mb/d","status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/","description":null},{"id":"qatar-lng-asia","name":"Qatar LNG → Asia","type":"route","kind":"lng","lat":5,"lon":90,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/","description":null},{"id":"qatar-lng-europe","name":"Qatar LNG → Europe via Suez","type":"route","kind":"lng","lat":33,"lon":28,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/","description":null},{"id":"black-sea-crude","name":"Black Sea crude (Novorossiysk / CPC) → Mediterranean","type":"route","kind":"oil","lat":40.2,"lon":26.4,"capacity":2.2,"capacity_unit":"mb/d","status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/","description":null},{"id":"us-lng-europe","name":"US Gulf LNG → Europe","type":"route","kind":"lng","lat":32,"lon":-70,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/","description":null},{"id":"us-lng-asia-panama","name":"US Gulf LNG → Asia via Panama","type":"route","kind":"lng","lat":8.9,"lon":-79.5,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/","description":null},{"id":"us-lng-asia-cape","name":"US Gulf LNG → Asia via Cape of Good Hope","type":"route","kind":"lng","lat":-35.5,"lon":19,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/","description":null},{"id":"asia-europe-cape","name":"Asia/Gulf → Europe via Cape of Good Hope (diversion route)","type":"route","kind":"oil","lat":5,"lon":-15,"capacity":null,"capacity_unit":null,"status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/","description":null},{"id":"us-crude-exports","name":"US Gulf crude exports → Europe","type":"route","kind":"oil","lat":33,"lon":-65,"capacity":1.8,"capacity_unit":"mb/d","status":null,"url":"https://strategicenergymap.org/","description":null}]}