{"name":"Event log","description":"Dated, sourced events since 28 February 2026, with category, severity and confidence.","source":"Sourced per event","updated":"2026-10-05","license":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","attribution":"Strategic Energy Infrastructure Map (strategicenergymap.org)","columns":["date","id","title","summary","category","severity","confidence","assets","sources","source_urls"],"rows":[{"date":"2026-10-04","id":"2026-10-04-saudi-backed-forces-bab-el-mandeb-claim","title":"Saudi-backed Yemeni forces claim gains near Bab el-Mandeb; Houthi media deny","summary":"Reuters, citing three military sources and one government source, reported that Saudi-backed Giants Brigades and National Shield forces, with Saudi-led coalition air support, seized large parts of Dhubab district overlooking Bab el-Mandeb and cut the road toward Mokha, a day after Saudi Arabia's offensive to retake the strait from the Houthis was reported to have begun. A Yemeni government spokesman said forces had 'secured' the strait from the Houthis, but Houthi-aligned media denied the advances, and independent confirmation of territorial control was not available. (Yemeni government and military sources' claim, unverified.)","category":"military","severity":"medium","confidence":"unverified","assets":"bab-el-mandeb","sources":"The Print (Reuters) — Yemeni government forces seize district by Bab el-Mandeb, military sources say | SBS News — Yemeni Forces Claim Control of Bab el-Mandeb Strait in Counteroffensive Against Houthis","source_urls":"https://theprint.in/world/yemeni-government-forces-seize-district-by-bab-el-mandeb-military-sources-say/3062149 | https://news.sbs.co.kr/english/article.do?news_id=N1008783673"},{"date":"2026-10-04","id":"2026-10-04-lipsi-tanker-hormuz","title":"UKMTO: tanker Lipsi struck and disabled in Strait of Hormuz","summary":"An unknown projectile struck the engine room of the Liberian-flagged Aframax tanker Lipsi, managed by Dynacom Tankers Management, about 3.9 nautical miles northeast of Jazirat Um Al Fayarin in the Strait of Hormuz, leaving it disabled and adrift. UKMTO said the crew was safe and reported no environmental impact. It is at least the seventh commercial vessel UKMTO has logged struck in or near the strait since 28 September.","category":"shipping","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Cyprus Mail — Prokopiou's six-week-old tanker struck in Strait of Hormuz","source_urls":"https://cyprus-mail.com/2026/10/05/prokopious-six-week-old-tanker-struck-in-strait-of-hormuz"},{"date":"2026-10-02","id":"2026-10-02-saudi-houthi-offensive-plan","title":"Officials: Saudi Arabia preparing offensive to retake Bab el-Mandeb from Houthis","summary":"Six people familiar with the planning, including Gulf, Yemeni and Western officials, said Saudi Arabia is preparing a Yemeni-led ground offensive, backed by Saudi air power, to break Houthi control of the approaches to Bab el-Mandeb. Options range from a narrow coastal assault near the strait to a broader multi-front campaign; estimated timing ranges from within a week to after the US midterm elections in early November. No government has confirmed the plan, and no operation had begun as of this report.","category":"military","severity":"medium","confidence":"reported","assets":"bab-el-mandeb","sources":"gCaptain — Saudis Plan Assault on Houthis to Break Red Sea Chokehold","source_urls":"https://gcaptain.com/saudis-plan-assault-on-houthis-to-break-red-sea-chokehold/"},{"date":"2026-10-02","id":"2026-10-02-ukmto-six-vessels-hormuz","title":"UKMTO: six vessels struck in Strait of Hormuz since 28 September","summary":"UKMTO advisories show at least six merchant vessels have now been hit in or near the Strait of Hormuz since 28 September, extending the pattern of delayed incident disclosures already seen this run. UKMTO reported crews safe and did not attribute responsibility for the strikes.","category":"shipping","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"gCaptain — Six Vessels Hit in Strait of Hormuz Since Sunday","source_urls":"https://gcaptain.com/six-vessels-hit-in-strait-of-hormuz-since-sunday/"},{"date":"2026-10-01","id":"2026-10-01-uk-sanctions","title":"UK sanctions eight more Russian shadow-fleet and LNG-export ships","summary":"The UK government sanctioned eight more vessels tied to Russia's shadow fleet and LNG exports, including the LNG carriers Chaivo, Portovyy, Aleksey Kosygin, Konstantin Posiet and Pyotr Stolypin, plus bunkering and ice-class vessels. The UK said it has now sanctioned nearly 600 tankers used to move Russian energy around Western restrictions, while keeping an exemption for limited Russian LNG shipments to Japan and South Korea through March 2028.","category":"policy","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"","sources":"gCaptain — UK Hits Eight Russian Ships in New Sanctions Package","source_urls":"https://gcaptain.com/uk-hits-eight-russian-ships-in-new-sanctions-package/"},{"date":"2026-10-01","id":"2026-10-01-iran-sanctions","title":"US sanctions hit Iran's carmakers and railways as oil moves overland","summary":"The US Treasury's \"Operation Economic Outcast\" designated Iran's two largest automakers, Iran Khodro and Saipa (together about 90% of Iran's domestic auto market), the state-owned Islamic Republic of Iran Railway Company, Raja Passenger Trains and a major private freight operator, plus foreign auto-parts suppliers in the UAE, Indonesia and Turkey. Treasury said the action targets the road and rail networks Iran has increasingly used to move petroleum, fertiliser, chemicals and other goods since US restrictions tightened on Iranian oil shipments through the Strait of Hormuz.","category":"policy","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"","sources":"US Treasury — Operation Economic Outcast Targets Iran's Remaining Industrial Lifelines | The National — US sanctions Iran's car makers and railway operators as pressure shifts from sea to land","source_urls":"https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0643 | https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/economy/2026/10/02/us-sanctions-irans-car-makers-and-railway-operators-as-pressure-shifts-from-sea-to-land/"},{"date":"2026-10-01","id":"2026-10-01-diesel-reserves","title":"US presses Germany and France to release more diesel reserves","summary":"US Energy Secretary Chris Wright said several European countries have released only a fraction of the crude and diesel they pledged under the March IEA-coordinated 400-million-barrel stock release (of which the US contributed 172 million barrels, completing a further 40-million-barrel release on 30 September). Germany's economy ministry said it has no plans to release its remaining 15 million pledged barrels; France's finance minister said France has released none of its stockpile; Spain has released about a third of its 11.6-million-barrel pledge. The European Commission said the bloc would \"take action as necessary.\" Reuters reporting cited by Rigzone said Washington has threatened Germany and France with export curbs if they do not draw down reserves further.","category":"policy","severity":"medium","confidence":"reported","assets":"","sources":"Rigzone — Europe Holds Emergency Diesel Talks","source_urls":"https://www.rigzone.com/news/europe_holds_emergency_diesel_talks-01-oct-2026-184749-article"},{"date":"2026-09-29","id":"2026-09-29-jpmorgan-goldman-mideast-flows-prewar","title":"JPMorgan, Goldman Sachs: Middle East crude flows nearing pre-war levels","summary":"In notes dated 29 September, JPMorgan estimated regional crude shipments at 17.5 million b/d (98% of its pre-war baseline), with Hormuz flows near 13 million b/d, 'almost returned to late-June highs'; product flows (diesel, gasoline) were put at 3 million b/d, 58% of pre-war. Goldman Sachs estimated total Persian Gulf exports, including clandestine shipments, at 23.3 million b/d for September, matching 2025 averages, with Saudi Arabia's September shipments more than doubling year-on-year. Both banks said higher crossings reflect the industry adapting to sustained risk, not improved safety.","category":"market","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"gCaptain (Bloomberg) — JPMorgan and Goldman See Mideast Oil Flows Near Pre-War Levels","source_urls":"https://gcaptain.com/jpmorgan-and-goldman-see-mideast-oil-flows-near-pre-war-levels/"},{"date":"2026-09-29","id":"2026-09-29-ukmto-delayed-tanker-attacks","title":"UKMTO discloses three more Hormuz tanker attacks via delayed reports","summary":"UK Maritime Trade Operations issued three delayed warnings (144-26, 145-26, 146-26) on 30 September covering previously unreported attacks from 29 September: tankers struck by unknown projectiles, with times marked 'to be confirmed' and no vessel identities, casualties or pollution given. UKMTO's voluntary reporting system is producing growing gaps, with some incidents surfacing days late. Iran separately claimed it targeted or intercepted 19 vessels over the weekend of 26-27 September but gave no vessel identification or evidence; that broader claim is unverified.","category":"shipping","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"gCaptain — Three More Tanker Attacks Surface in Delayed Hormuz Reports | gCaptain — Fog of War Deepens in Hormuz as Ship Attacks Go Unreported for Days","source_urls":"https://gcaptain.com/three-more-tanker-attacks-surface-in-delayed-hormuz-reports/ | https://gcaptain.com/fog-of-war-deepens-in-hormuz-as-ship-attacks-go-unreported-for-days/"},{"date":"2026-09-29","id":"2026-09-29-trump-denies-sanctions-relief-iran-conditions","title":"Trump denies offering Iran sanctions relief; Iran ties Hormuz reopening to its own timeline","summary":"Trump said on Truth Social 'I offered them NOTHING,' denying reports he would ease sanctions or release frozen funds for nuclear concessions. Iran's President Pezeshkian said Tehran was open to talks on nuclear and other issues but would not accept 'bullying,' while Foreign Minister Araqchi said a deal would start a seven-day countdown to reopening the strait, slower than the immediate reopening set out in June's since-collapsed MOU. These are statements by parties to the conflict and are not independently verifiable.","category":"diplomatic","severity":"medium","confidence":"unverified","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"gCaptain — Trump Denies Offering Iran Sanctions Relief, Tehran Says it is Ready for Talks | ISW/Critical Threats Project — Iran Update, September 30, 2026","source_urls":"https://gcaptain.com/trump-denies-offering-iran-sanctions-relief-tehran-says-it-is-ready-for-talks/ | https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/iran-update-september-30-2026"},{"date":"2026-09-29","id":"2026-09-29-hormuz-flows-13mbd-yanbu-recovery","title":"Kpler: Hormuz flows hit 13.2 mb/d 7-day average as Saudi Red Sea exports rebound","summary":"Kpler ship-tracking data cited by CNBC showed oil flows through the Strait of Hormuz averaging 13.2 million b/d over the seven days to 29 September, about 77% of the roughly 17 million b/d Kpler puts as the pre-war baseline (a lower figure than the IEA's ~20 mb/d, reflecting a different measure). Satellite imagery showed a 'major operational recovery' at Saudi Arabia's Yanbu and Mua'jjiz terminals, with nine tankers loading 12.5 million barrels between 26 and 28 September. Brent fell 2.6% to $102.59 and WTI 3.5% to $89.38 on the news.","category":"shipping","severity":"medium","confidence":"reported","assets":"strait-of-hormuz yanbu-terminal east-west-pipeline","sources":"CNBC — Oil prices fall as crude exports recover at Saudi Arabia's Red Sea ports (Kpler data)","source_urls":"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/09/29/oil-prices-today-brent-wti-hormuz.html"},{"date":"2026-09-28","id":"2026-09-28-kpler-hormuz-flows-recover","title":"Kpler data: Hormuz crude exports recover to 7.4 mb/d September average","summary":"Preliminary Kpler ship-tracking data showed Strait of Hormuz crude exports averaging 7.4 million b/d in September, with 19 tankers — including 17 VLCCs — transiting in the week to 27 September, and combined Gulf-state crude exports (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait and Iran) at 12.8 million b/d, the highest since the war began. The strait remains formally closed to normal commercial shipping under Iran's permit regime and a US naval blockade; tankers move mainly under naval escort or shuttle arrangements.","category":"shipping","severity":"medium","confidence":"reported","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Al Jazeera — Iran touts Hormuz attacks as oil flows increase despite tensions (Kpler data)","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/28/iran-touts-hormuz-attacks-as-oil-flows-increase-despite-tensions"},{"date":"2026-09-28","id":"2026-09-28-east-west-pipeline-3-5mbd","title":"Saudi East-West pipeline flows reach ~3.5 million b/d after repairs","summary":"Bloomberg reported that flows through Saudi Arabia's East-West pipeline to Yanbu have reached about 3.5 million b/d, roughly half of its 7 million b/d capacity and up from the low rate seen at its 22 September restart, citing people familiar with the matter. A full return to normal operations is expected to take about six weeks; Aramco is aiming to restore pumping to around 4 million b/d.","category":"infrastructure","severity":"medium","confidence":"reported","assets":"east-west-pipeline yanbu-terminal","sources":"Rigzone (Bloomberg) — Saudi Arabia's Key Oil Pipeline Starts Exports After Repairs","source_urls":"https://www.rigzone.com/news/wire/saudi_arabias_key_oil_pipeline_starts_exports-28-sep-2026-184718-article/"},{"date":"2026-09-27","id":"2026-09-27-trump-expects-iran-talks-this-week","title":"Trump says he expects US-Iran talks to resume this week despite rejecting Hormuz proposal","summary":"A day after rejecting Iran's seven-condition plan to reopen the Strait of Hormuz, President Trump told Axios he expects renewed US-Iran negotiations this week, with Qatari mediators expected to meet both sides as early as Monday. He said Iran wants a deal the US might have accepted about a year ago and has 'overplayed its hand'; US and Iranian positions remain far apart on the naval blockade, strait reopening and Iran's nuclear program.","category":"diplomatic","severity":"medium","confidence":"unverified","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Bloomberg — Trump Says He Expects Renewed Iran Talks This Week, Axios Says | Axios — After nixing Iran proposal, Trump tells Axios he expects talks this week | The Peninsula Qatar — Trump expects talks with Iran to resume in coming week","source_urls":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-09-27/trump-says-he-expects-renewed-iran-talks-this-week-axios-says | https://www.axios.com/2026/09/27/trump-iran-war-hormuz-blockade-negotiations | http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/27/09/2026/trump-expects-talks-with-iran-to-resume-in-coming-week"},{"date":"2026-09-27","id":"2026-09-27-qeshm-explosions-after-rejection","title":"Explosions near Qeshm Island after Trump rejects Iran's Hormuz proposal","summary":"Explosions were reported near Qeshm Island on 27 September, with anti-ship missiles and drones allegedly fired at transiting vessels, hours after President Trump rejected Iran's proposal to reopen the strait. Iran's Persian Gulf Strait Authority has instructed shippers to use an Iranian-approved temporary route and pay fees, threatening to blacklist charterers using other routes.","category":"military","severity":"high","confidence":"reported","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Al Jazeera — Strait of Hormuz tensions linger as Iran and US move further from a deal","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/9/27/strait-of-hormuz-tensions-linger-as-iran-and-us-move-further-from-a-deal"},{"date":"2026-09-26","id":"2026-09-26-trump-rejects-iran-hormuz-plan","title":"Trump rejects Iran's seven-condition plan to reopen Hormuz within a week","summary":"At the UN General Assembly Iran offered to reopen the Strait of Hormuz within a week if seven conditions were met, including lifting the US blockade, releasing frozen funds and ending attacks on all fronts; Trump rejected it on 26 September. Reuters had reported US and Iranian negotiators in New York exploring a phased deal (strait reopening in exchange for lifting the blockade), which briefly pushed oil prices lower.","category":"diplomatic","severity":"high","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"strait-of-hormuz kharg-island","sources":"Al Jazeera — Strait of Hormuz tensions linger as Iran and US move further from a deal | Reuters via Yahoo Finance — Oil prices slide about 2% as US, Iran explore path out of war","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/9/27/strait-of-hormuz-tensions-linger-as-iran-and-us-move-further-from-a-deal | https://finance.yahoo.com/news/oil-prices-fall-markets-look-011125829.html"},{"date":"2026-09-25","id":"2026-09-25-houthi-missiles-yanbu-riyadh","title":"Houthis fire missiles at Yanbu and Riyadh; Saudi Arabia intercepts six","summary":"Saudi forces said they intercepted six ballistic missiles aimed at Yanbu and Taif on 24 September; on 25 September the Houthis claimed missile and drone strikes on Aramco facilities in Yanbu and a 'sensitive target' in Riyadh. No damage was confirmed. Yanbu is Saudi Arabia's main Red Sea export outlet and the terminus of the East-West pipeline.","category":"military","severity":"high","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"yanbu-terminal east-west-pipeline","sources":"Al Jazeera — Saudi Arabia allies line up support as Houthi attacks mount | CTP-ISW Iran Update, September 25, 2026 | The National — Oil prices waver in face of Iran war truce and Houthi attacks","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/25/saudi-arabia-allies-line-up-support-as-houthi-attacks-mount | https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/iran-update-september-25-2026 | https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/energy/2026/09/25/oil-prices-waver-in-face-of-iran-war-truce-and-houthi-attacks/"},{"date":"2026-09-25","id":"2026-09-25-kpler-hormuz-crude-flows","title":"Independent ship-tracking shows Hormuz crude flows at a fraction of pre-war levels","summary":"Preliminary Kpler data showed 33.7 million barrels of crude leaving the Strait of Hormuz in the week starting 20 September, against roughly 105 million barrels a week before the war (about 15 mb/d of crude in 2025, per IEA analysis of Kpler data). Many tankers now transit with transponders off, so ship-tracking figures are likely to understate actual flows.","category":"shipping","severity":"high","confidence":"reported","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Reuters via Yahoo Finance — Oil prices slide about 2% as US, Iran explore path out of war (Kpler data) | IEA — Strait of Hormuz Factsheet (Feb 2026, based on Kpler)","source_urls":"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/oil-prices-fall-markets-look-011125829.html | https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/c8248eba-8689-46d9-ae4b-b858b59c0f1c/StraitofHormuz2026-Factsheet.pdf"},{"date":"2026-09-24","id":"2026-09-24-sohar-sts-relay","title":"Saudi Arabia sells ~60 million barrels for ship-to-ship relay at Sohar, Oman","summary":"With the East-West pipeline and Yanbu export route constrained since the 11 September pipeline shutdown, Saudi Aramco has sold roughly 60 million barrels of Ras Tanura crude for ship-to-ship transfer at Sohar, Oman this month and next, moved out through the Strait of Hormuz by shuttle tanker and transferred onto other vessels for delivery, mainly to Chinese, South Korean, Indian and Japanese refiners. The extra volume has pushed Sohar and Fujairah STS operations close to their capacity limits and tightened the VLCC market; analysts estimate the higher Saudi flows require 36-40 additional VLCCs.","category":"shipping","severity":"high","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"ras-tanura-terminal yanbu-terminal east-west-pipeline","sources":"gCaptain — Gulf of Oman Ship-to-ship Oil Transfers Reach Limit as Saudi Exports Surge | MarineLink — Saudi Oil Surge Pushes Gulf of Oman Transfers to Capacity | BOE Report — Gulf of Oman ship-to-ship oil transfers reach limit as Saudi exports surge","source_urls":"https://gcaptain.com/gulf-of-oman-ship-to-ship-oil-transfers-reach-limit-as-saudi-exports-surge/ | https://www.marinelink.com/news/saudi-oil-surge-pushes-gulf-oman-543259 | https://boereport.com/2026/09/24/gulf-of-oman-ship-to-ship-oil-transfers-reach-limit-as-saudi-exports-surge/"},{"date":"2026-09-24","id":"2026-09-24-france-air-defence-yanbu","title":"France to deploy troops, radars and air defences to protect Yanbu","summary":"President Macron announced France will send soldiers, radar and defence systems to protect energy infrastructure at Yanbu. CTP-ISW reports the US, UK and other partners are also flying air-defence missions over Saudi oil infrastructure; Pakistan and Turkey called military chiefs' meetings under a joint defence agreement.","category":"diplomatic","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"yanbu-terminal","sources":"CTP-ISW Iran Update, September 25, 2026 | Al Jazeera — Saudi Arabia allies line up support as Houthi attacks mount","source_urls":"https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/iran-update-september-25-2026 | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/25/saudi-arabia-allies-line-up-support-as-houthi-attacks-mount"},{"date":"2026-09-23","id":"2026-09-24-indian-cargo-ship-attacked-hormuz","title":"Bulk carrier Cape Dao attacked near Strait of Hormuz, Indian seafarer killed","summary":"Correction: the vessel was the Antigua and Barbuda-flagged bulk carrier Cape Dao, bound for India, struck by an unidentified projectile around 0630 UTC on 23 September about 2.5 nautical miles off Oman's Musandam Governorate (UKMTO; Oman Maritime Security Center). The ship caught fire and was abandoned; Oman evacuated 27 crew and one Indian seafarer was killed. No party has claimed responsibility.","category":"shipping","severity":"medium","confidence":"reported","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Al Jazeera — Strait of Hormuz tensions linger as Iran and US move further from a deal | Arab News — One Indian killed in attack on ship heading toward India, says embassy in Oman | gCaptain — Seafarer Killed in Hormuz Attack as Trump Pushes Iran Deal at UN","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/9/27/strait-of-hormuz-tensions-linger-as-iran-and-us-move-further-from-a-deal | https://www.arabnews.com/middle-east/one-indian-killed-in-attack-on-ship-heading-toward-india-says-embassy-in-oman-says-3002803 | https://gcaptain.com/seafarer-killed-in-hormuz-attack-as-trump-pushes-iran-deal-at-un/"},{"date":"2026-09-23","id":"2026-09-23-us-weighs-diesel-export-curbs","title":"US weighs diesel export curbs as retail diesel hits record ~$6.53/gal","summary":"US retail diesel reached a record of about $6.53/gal (AAA, 21-22 Sep), up nearly $1 in a month. Trump said 'let's not send out the diesel' and officials examined export restrictions; by 25 September no policy had been announced and Energy Secretary Wright was gauging refiners' interest in voluntary curbs. The US exports diesel equal to ~40% of domestic consumption, supplying Europe and Latin America.","category":"policy","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"houston-refining-hub port-arthur-refining-hub","sources":"OilPrice.com — White House Rules Out Diesel Export Ban as Prices Surge Above $6.50 | Al Jazeera — What would a US diesel export ban mean for global fuel prices?","source_urls":"https://oilprice.com/Energy/Energy-General/White-House-Rules-Out-Diesel-Export-Ban-as-Prices-Surge-Above-650.html | https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/9/25/what-would-a-us-diesel-export-ban-mean-for-global-fuel-prices"},{"date":"2026-09-22","id":"2026-09-22-east-west-pipeline-restart","title":"Saudi East-West pipeline restarts at reduced rate; Yanbu loadings to resume","summary":"Saudi Arabia restarted the East-West pipeline after drone damage to pumping stations, with flows at a reduced rate and Yanbu crude exports expected to resume on 22-23 September, according to sources briefed by Reuters. Aramco and the energy ministry did not comment.","category":"infrastructure","severity":"high","confidence":"reported","assets":"east-west-pipeline yanbu-terminal","sources":"CDM (citing Reuters) — Saudi Arabia restarts East-West oil pipeline; Yanbu exports set to resume | Gulf News — Saudi Arabia loads nearly 12 million barrels in a day as Hormuz tanker traffic adapts","source_urls":"https://cdm.press/news/middle-east/2026/09/22/saudi-arabia-restarts-east-west-oil-pipeline-after-houthi-strikes-yanbu-exports-set-to-resume-tuesday/ | https://gulfnews.com/business/energy/saudi-arabia-loads-nearly-12-million-barrels-in-one-day-as-hormuz-tanker-traffic-adapts-1.500684479"},{"date":"2026-09-21","id":"2026-09-21-saudi-gulf-loadings-surge","title":"Saudi Gulf terminals load ~12 million barrels in a day, pushing exports back through Hormuz","summary":"Six to seven VLCCs loaded roughly 12–14 million barrels at Ras Tanura and Ju'aymah on 21 September, the busiest day since before the war (MarineTraffic, TankerTrackers.com). Provisional Kpler data showed Saudi crude exports recovering to more than 4 mb/d so far in September, from about 2.4 mb/d in August, the lowest since at least 2013. Much Gulf-side loading moves on AIS-dark tankers, so tracked figures may be incomplete.","category":"shipping","severity":"high","confidence":"reported","assets":"ras-tanura-terminal strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Gulf News — Saudi Arabia loads nearly 12 million barrels in a day as Hormuz tanker traffic adapts | Al Jazeera — From Yanbu to Sohar: Tracking Saudi Arabia's alternative oil routes","source_urls":"https://gulfnews.com/business/energy/saudi-arabia-loads-nearly-12-million-barrels-in-one-day-as-hormuz-tanker-traffic-adapts-1.500684479 | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/17/from-yanbu-to-sohar-tracking-saudi-arabias-alternative-oil-routes"},{"date":"2026-09-21","id":"2026-09-21-qatar-lng-hormuz-ramp","title":"Qatar steps up LNG tanker movements through Hormuz","summary":"Bloomberg ship-tracking showed at least four Qatari LNG carriers moving through Hormuz in a week (two laden outbound), the most sustained activity since Qatar largely halted exports via the strait in early July after one of its tankers was attacked. Energy Minister al-Kaabi said on 21 September undamaged parts of Ras Laffan could restart within a couple of weeks of the strait reopening; about 17% of capacity (two trains) remains destroyed.","category":"shipping","severity":"medium","confidence":"reported","assets":"ras-laffan-lng strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Rigzone (Bloomberg wire) — Qatar ramps up LNG shipping via Hormuz","source_urls":"https://www.rigzone.com/news/wire/qatar_ramps_up_lng_shipping_via_hormuz-24-sep-2026-184690-article/"},{"date":"2026-09-20","id":"2026-09-20-moscow-refinery-strike","title":"Ukrainian drones hit Moscow oil refinery, pausing refining","summary":"Overnight 19-20 September Ukrainian forces struck the Gazpromneft Moscow refinery in Kapotnya, damaging its AVT-6 primary unit and other units and forcing a pause in refining; CTP-ISW estimates offline Russian refining capacity rose from 10% to 14%. Moscow's mayor claimed over 1,600 drones were downed since 19 September.","category":"military","severity":"high","confidence":"reported","assets":"","sources":"CTP-ISW Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, September 20, 2026","source_urls":"https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-september-20-2026"},{"date":"2026-09-15","id":"2026-09-15-ttf-annual-high-storage-low","title":"TTF hits 2026 high near €84/MWh as EU storage lags at ~68%","summary":"Dutch TTF front-month reached €83.97/MWh on 15 September, the highest since late 2022, with EU storage at 68.5% versus 80.8% a year earlier (Germany 55.9%). Asian JKM reached its highest in about 2.5 years on 10 September. Prices eased later in the month on US-Iran talk reports.","category":"market","severity":"high","confidence":"reported","assets":"ras-laffan-lng","sources":"AleaSoft — Winter 2026-2027 in Europe: gas at highs and reserves at lows | Global LNG Hub — Natural gas prices weekly update (14 September 2026) | Trading Economics — EU Natural Gas (TTF)","source_urls":"https://aleasoft.com/winter-2026-2027-gas-highs-reserves-lows/ | https://globallnghub.com/natural-gas-prices-weekly-update-jkm-ttf-and-henry-hub-14-september-2026/ | https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/eu-natural-gas"},{"date":"2026-09-11","id":"2026-09-11-east-west-pipeline-shut","title":"Saudi Arabia shuts East-West pipeline after drone strikes from Iraq","summary":"Drones launched from Iraq (reportedly Maysan province) struck East-West pipeline pumping infrastructure in Riyadh and Medina provinces on 10-11 September; the energy ministry closed the line 'as a precaution'. The pipeline had been carrying ~4-5 mb/d of Hormuz-bypass crude to Yanbu. No group claimed it; analysts point to Iran-aligned Iraqi militias, while some reports blame the Houthis. Brent briefly hit ~$110.","category":"military","severity":"critical","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"east-west-pipeline yanbu-terminal abqaiq-oil","sources":"Al Jazeera — Saudi Arabia shuts critical oil pipeline after drone attack: What it means | FDD Long War Journal analysis — Saudi Arabia closes its East-West pipeline after attacks from Iraq | Wikipedia — 2026 East–West Crude Oil Pipeline attack (compiled)","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/12/saudi-arabia-shuts-critical-oil-pipeline-after-drone-attack-what-happened | https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2026/09/13/saudi-arabia-closes-its-east-west-pipeline-after-attacks-from-iraq/ | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_East%E2%80%93West_Crude_Oil_Pipeline_attack"},{"date":"2026-09-11","id":"2026-09-11-iea-saudi-supply-three-decade-low","title":"IEA: Saudi crude supply fell to 6 mb/d in August, lowest in over three decades","summary":"The IEA's September Oil Market Report said Saudi crude supply fell 2.3 mb/d month on month to 6 mb/d in August, citing Houthi-linked strikes on Bab el-Mandeb shipping, the Jazan refinery and shipping near Yanbu, and Iraqi militia drone strikes on Abqaiq. Saudi loadings fell 1.1 mb/d to 3.5 mb/d; the IEA cut its 2026 Saudi supply forecast to 7.6 mb/d and deferred full Gulf recovery to 2027.","category":"market","severity":"high","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"ghawar-oil abqaiq-oil yanbu-terminal","sources":"BOE Report (Reuters) — Saudi oil supply hits more than three-decade low after Houthi attacks, IEA says","source_urls":"https://boereport.com/2026/09/11/saudi-oil-supply-hits-more-than-three-decade-low-after-houthi-attacks-iea-says/"},{"date":"2026-09-10","id":"2026-09-10-houthis-seize-mocha","title":"Houthis seize Mocha and Red Sea islands, tightening grip on Bab el-Mandeb","summary":"Houthi forces captured the port city of Mocha on 10 September, according to Yemeni government military sources cited by Reuters, and subsequently several Red Sea islands; government forces fell back to Dhubab opposite Perim Island. The advance gives the group more leverage over the Bab el-Mandeb strait as it enforces a declared blockade on Saudi-linked shipping.","category":"military","severity":"critical","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"bab-el-mandeb","sources":"Times of Israel (Reuters) — Yemen's Houthis seize port city of Mocha, closing in on Bab el-Mandeb | Al Jazeera — Saudi Arabia allies line up support as Houthi attacks mount","source_urls":"https://www.timesofisrael.com/yemens-houthis-seize-port-city-of-mocha-closing-in-on-strategic-bab-el-mandeb-strait/ | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/25/saudi-arabia-allies-line-up-support-as-houthi-attacks-mount"},{"date":"2026-09-09","id":"2026-09-09-novorossiysk-terminal-strike","title":"Ukraine says it hit Novorossiysk oil terminal and 13 shadow-fleet vessels","summary":"Ukraine's General Staff and President Zelensky said drones struck Novorossiysk's naval base and a seaport fuel/oil terminal overnight on 9 September, with fires reported, and that 13 shadow-fleet vessels were hit in the Black Sea. The Saratov refinery was reportedly struck on 8 September. Loading impacts were not reported.","category":"military","severity":"high","confidence":"unverified","assets":"novorossiysk turkish-straits","sources":"Kyiv Independent — Ukrainian drones strike naval base, oil terminal in Russia's Novorossiysk","source_urls":"https://kyivindependent.com/ukrainian-drones-reportedly-strike-oil-terminal-in-russias-novorossiysk/"},{"date":"2026-09-08","id":"2026-09-08-tmx-full-asia-pivot","title":"Trans Mountain at full 890 kb/d as Asian demand for Canadian crude rises","summary":"Trans Mountain ran at full capacity for the first time in June and remains full; about two-thirds of Westridge cargoes go to Asia. The operator plans +90 kb/d in Q4 2026 and +210 kb/d by 2028, citing demand driven by Middle East supply disruption.","category":"infrastructure","severity":"low","confidence":"reported","assets":"trans-mountain","sources":"EnergyNow (Reuters) — Asia is poised to take up 70% of Canadian oil exports, pipeline executive says","source_urls":"https://energynow.ca/2026/09/asia-is-poised-to-take-up-70-of-canadian-oil-exports-pipeline-executive-says/"},{"date":"2026-09-06","id":"2026-09-06-opec-plus-holds-october","title":"OPEC+ holds October output steady; says it has limited sway over physical market","summary":"The seven core OPEC+ members (Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iraq, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Algeria, Oman) kept September production levels for October, after completing the rollback of the 1.65 mb/d 2023 cut. Many members cannot reach quotas because of Hormuz disruption. Next meeting 4 October.","category":"policy","severity":"low","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"","sources":"Energy Connects — OPEC+ keeps output policy unchanged for October","source_urls":"https://www.energyconnects.com/news/oil/2026/september/opecplus-keeps-output-policy-unchanged-for-october"},{"date":"2026-09-05","id":"2026-09-05-us-strikes-iranian-tankers","title":"US strikes three Iranian vessels including tanker off Kharg; Iran fires missiles at US carrier","summary":"US forces struck three Iranian vessels on 5 September, including a tanker off Kharg Island and another near Jask, after Iran fired ballistic missiles at a US aircraft carrier and destroyer (no US injuries). Iran said it targeted tankers using an 'unauthorised route'. Vessel counts averaged ~13/day over the prior 10 days versus ~100 pre-war.","category":"military","severity":"high","confidence":"reported","assets":"kharg-island strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Al Jazeera — US, Iran engaged in tanker war: Where is the months-long conflict headed?","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/6/us-iran-engaged-in-tanker-war-where-is-the-months-long-conflict-headed"},{"date":"2026-09-02","id":"2026-09-02-chevron-venezuela-expansion","title":"Chevron commits $7bn to double Venezuelan output to ~600 kb/d","summary":"Chevron said it will invest $7 billion over five years to raise Venezuelan production to about 600,000 b/d, taking on Carabobo 1 and Carabobo-2-South-A in the Orinoco Belt. It follows a 28 August US deal granting a private venture (NABEP) 100-year concessions over 17 fields. Analysts say meaningful new barrels are years away.","category":"policy","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"orinoco-belt jose-terminal","sources":"CBS News — Chevron plans to double oil production in Venezuela with $7 billion investment","source_urls":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/chevron-venezuela-7-billion-oil-investment/"},{"date":"2026-09-01","id":"2026-09-01-us-strikes-iran-radars","title":"US strikes Iranian radars and mine-laying sites after new tanker attacks","summary":"After projectiles hit tankers including the VLCC Senegal Prosperity on 30–31 August, US forces struck Iranian radars, air defences, maritime and mine-laying sites on 30 August–1 September (per CENTCOM, reported by CTP-ISW); Iran retaliated against US and allied bases.","category":"military","severity":"high","confidence":"reported","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"CTP-ISW Iran Update, September 1, 2026","source_urls":"https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/iran-update-september-1-2026"},{"date":"2026-08-28","id":"2026-08-28-corpus-christi-stage3-complete","title":"Cheniere completes Corpus Christi Stage 3; US LNG exports up 23% in H1","summary":"Cheniere completed the final Corpus Christi Stage 3 train on 28 August, taking the site above 25 mtpa. US LNG exports averaged 17.4 Bcf/d in H1 2026, up 23% year on year, with Plaquemines at full capacity and Golden Pass Train 1 ramping; Asian shipments more than doubled.","category":"infrastructure","severity":"medium","confidence":"reported","assets":"corpus-christi-lng plaquemines-lng golden-pass-lng","sources":"WorkBoat — US LNG exports jump as new Gulf terminals ramp up","source_urls":"https://www.workboat.com/us-lng-exports-jump-as-new-gulf-terminals-ramp-up"},{"date":"2026-08-25","id":"2026-08-25-hormuz-mines-cleared-claim","title":"JMIC keeps Hormuz mine threat 'severe' despite US clearance claim","summary":"A Joint Maritime Information Center advisory on 25 August kept the mine threat in the Strait of Hormuz at SEVERE, warning of drifting or uncharted mines. The same day President Trump claimed all mines in international waters had been cleared; that claim has not been independently verified.","category":"military","severity":"medium","confidence":"reported","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"gCaptain — Trump says U.S. Navy has cleared all mines from Strait of Hormuz | Wikipedia — 2026 Strait of Hormuz campaign (compiled timeline)","source_urls":"https://gcaptain.com/trump-says-u-s-navy-has-cleared-all-mines-from-strait-of-hormuz/ | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Strait_of_Hormuz_campaign"},{"date":"2026-08-24","id":"2026-08-24-houthis-hit-bahri-vlcc-yanbu","title":"Houthis hit Bahri VLCC 'Amzan' off Yanbu","summary":"A Bahri-owned VLCC was hit by a ballistic missile about 63 nm west of Yanbu, starting a fire; crew were unharmed. The Houthis said it enforced their ban on Saudi shipping. Lloyd's List Intelligence reported no further Red Sea attacks through early September, with the threat focused on Saudi-linked tonnage.","category":"shipping","severity":"high","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"yanbu-terminal bab-el-mandeb","sources":"Al Jazeera — Yemen's Houthis report attack on Saudi oil tanker in Red Sea | Lloyd's List Intelligence — Red Sea Brief: 3 September 2026","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/8/24/yemens-houthis-report-attack-on-saudi-ship | https://www.lloydslistintelligence.com/resources/blog/red-sea-brief-3-september-2026"},{"date":"2026-08-19","id":"2026-08-19-uae-halts-iran-trade","title":"UAE suspends all trade and financial dealings with Iran","summary":"The UAE suspended all trade, commercial exchanges and financial transactions with Iran after two Iranian ballistic missiles fell into the sea on 18 August, one in Emirati waters.","category":"policy","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"jebel-ali-dubai strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Euronews — UAE halts all trade and financial dealings with Iran","source_urls":"https://www.euronews.com/2026/08/19/uae-halts-all-trade-and-financial-dealings-with-iran"},{"date":"2026-08-12","id":"2026-08-12-houthi-attack-tihamah-bab-el-mandeb","title":"Houthi missile strike on ship in Bab el-Mandeb kills six","summary":"The Houthis hit the Egyptian-owned cargo ship Tihamah in Bab el-Mandeb with three ballistic missiles and a follow-up strike, killing at least six, the first shipping deaths linked to the group since the war began. The Houthis had declared a naval blockade of Saudi Arabia after Saudi airstrikes ended the 2022 truce on 13 July.","category":"shipping","severity":"high","confidence":"reported","assets":"bab-el-mandeb","sources":"Al Jazeera — Six killed in Houthi attack on Bab al-Mandeb ship, Yemen's government says","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/8/12/six-killed-in-houthi-attack-on-bab-al-mandeb-ship-yemens-government-says"},{"date":"2026-08-09","id":"2026-08-09-jazan-refinery-fire","title":"Fire at Aramco's Jazan refinery after Houthi drone claim","summary":"Saudi Arabia's energy ministry reported a fire early on 9 August at the Jazan refinery on the Red Sea, since extinguished with no casualties; the Houthis claimed a drone strike. The Houthis claimed further strikes on the refinery on 13 and 18 August (not independently confirmed). The IEA later cited attacks on Jazan among causes of Saudi supply losses.","category":"military","severity":"high","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"","sources":"Al Jazeera — Houthi attacks kill seven in Yemen, refinery targeted in Saudi Arabia | BOE Report (Reuters) — Saudi oil supply hits more than three-decade low after Houthi attacks, IEA says","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/8/9/saudi-arabia-says-fire-extinguished-at-aramco-facility-in-jizan | https://boereport.com/2026/09/11/saudi-oil-supply-hits-more-than-three-decade-low-after-houthi-attacks-iea-says/"},{"date":"2026-08-08","id":"2026-08-08-turkey-restricts-black-sea-transits","title":"Turkey stops issuing transit permits for Novorossiysk-bound ships","summary":"Turkey's coastal safety directorate stopped issuing Dardanelles transit permits for commercial ships bound for Novorossiysk (and reportedly Ukrainian ports) after attacks on two Turkish-owned vessels; traffic to Bulgarian and Turkish ports continued. The move compounds Black Sea export disruption.","category":"shipping","severity":"high","confidence":"reported","assets":"turkish-straits novorossiysk cpc-pipeline","sources":"gCaptain (Bloomberg) — Turkey restricts Black Sea ship traffic after surge in attacks","source_urls":"https://gcaptain.com/turkey-restricts-black-sea-ship-traffic-after-surge-in-attacks/"},{"date":"2026-08-08","id":"2026-08-08-ukraine-halts-cpc-strikes","title":"Ukraine agrees with US to stop strikes on CPC-linked tankers","summary":"After a request from VP Vance on 31 July, Ukraine agreed to halt attacks on non-Russian tankers and infrastructure serving the CPC terminal, provided vessels carry no Russian cargo, are not Russian-owned and are not under Ukrainian sanctions. CPC shipments had resumed but remained below normal.","category":"diplomatic","severity":"medium","confidence":"reported","assets":"cpc-pipeline tengiz-oil kashagan-oil","sources":"Ukrainska Pravda (citing Bloomberg) — Ukraine refrains from attacking CPC vessels following agreement with US","source_urls":"https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2026/08/08/8047874/"},{"date":"2026-07-27","id":"2026-07-27-abqaiq-drone-attack","title":"Drones from Iraq hit Saudi Abqaiq processing plant","summary":"Saudi Arabia said Iran-backed Iraqi militias launched drones at oil facilities in the Eastern Province and Riyadh; imagery showed damage and smoke at Aramco's Abqaiq processing facility (~7 mb/d capacity). US and Saudi aircraft struck militia sites in Iraq on 28 July. The IEA later cited the Abqaiq strikes among causes of Saudi supply losses.","category":"military","severity":"critical","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"abqaiq-oil ghawar-oil","sources":"Times of Israel — Israel, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq attacked by drones despite lull in US-Iran fighting | FDD Long War Journal analysis — Saudi Arabia closes its East-West pipeline after attacks from Iraq | BOE Report (Reuters) — Saudi oil supply hits more than three-decade low after Houthi attacks, IEA says","source_urls":"https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-saudi-arabia-jordan-iraq-attacked-by-drones-despite-lull-in-us-iran-fighting/ | https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2026/09/13/saudi-arabia-closes-its-east-west-pipeline-after-attacks-from-iraq/ | https://boereport.com/2026/09/11/saudi-oil-supply-hits-more-than-three-decade-low-after-houthi-attacks-iea-says/"},{"date":"2026-07-20","id":"2026-07-20-houthi-saudi-shipping-ban","title":"Houthis impose 'ban' on Saudi ports and shipping in the Red Sea","summary":"The Houthis declared all vessels loading or discharging at Saudi ports prohibited from 20 July. Bab el-Mandeb transits fell 24% to 269 in the week of 20 July (354 the week before) and mainstream tanker transits fell 42% to 53, before stabilising. Saudi tankers turned back and the group later claimed attacks on Yanbu installations.","category":"shipping","severity":"critical","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"bab-el-mandeb yanbu-terminal suez-canal","sources":"Lloyd's List — The Week in Charts: Red Sea shipping stabilises after July's Houthi blockade shock | Al Jazeera — Six killed in Houthi attack on Bab al-Mandeb ship, Yemen's government says","source_urls":"https://www.lloydslist.com/LL1158141/The-Week-in-Charts-Red-Sea-shipping-stabilises-after-Julys-Houthi-blockade-shock--War-disruption-and-rerouting-fail-to-derail-container-demand | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/8/12/six-killed-in-houthi-attack-on-bab-al-mandeb-ship-yemens-government-says"},{"date":"2026-07-20","id":"2026-07-20-cpc-tanker-attacks-loadings-halted","title":"Drone strikes on tankers halt CPC loadings; Kazakhstan cuts output","summary":"Four tankers heading to or loading at the CPC terminal near Novorossiysk (Nordic Zenith, Asia, Nissos Ios, Nelsa) were hit by drones on 17-20 July. CPC suspended loadings on 22 July as storage filled and Kazakhstan announced temporary output cuts on 23 July. Russia blamed Ukraine; Kazakhstan called the attacks unacceptable. CPC carries ~80% of Kazakh exports.","category":"military","severity":"high","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"cpc-pipeline novorossiysk tengiz-oil kashagan-oil","sources":"Euronews — Four drone strikes in four days hit tankers carrying Kazakhstan's oil | The Moscow Times — Kazakhstan cuts oil production following drone strikes on Black Sea tankers","source_urls":"https://www.euronews.com/2026/07/21/four-drone-strikes-in-four-days-hit-tankers-carrying-kazakhstans-oil | https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2026/07/23/kazakhstan-cuts-oil-production-following-drone-strikes-on-black-sea-tankers-a93325"},{"date":"2026-07-17","id":"2026-07-17-kuwait-power-desalination-hit","title":"Iranian strike damages Kuwaiti power and desalination plant","summary":"Kuwait said an Iranian attack caused a fire and damaged several power-generation units at a combined power and water desalination plant, urging residents to conserve power and water. War-risk premiums for Hormuz transits were quoted at 3-10% of hull value, versus ~0.25% pre-war (Marsh).","category":"military","severity":"high","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"","sources":"Al-Monitor — Iran strike damages Kuwait power, desalination plant | The National — Shipping insurance surges again as attacks intensify over Strait of Hormuz","source_urls":"https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2026/07/iran-strike-damages-kuwait-power-desalination-plant-what-know | https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/2026/07/17/war-risk-shipping-premium-surges-again-as-tensions-escalate-at-strait-of-hormuz/"},{"date":"2026-07-14","id":"2026-07-14-us-reinstates-blockade","title":"US reinstates naval blockade of Iranian ports","summary":"The US naval blockade of Iranian ports was reimposed on 14 July after the June truce collapsed. Independent data on how far it has cut Iranian exports is limited; US figures on vessels redirected are not used here.","category":"military","severity":"critical","confidence":"reported","assets":"kharg-island strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Wikipedia — 2026 Strait of Hormuz campaign (compiled timeline) | Al Jazeera — Strait of Hormuz tensions linger as Iran and US move further from a deal","source_urls":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Strait_of_Hormuz_campaign | https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/9/27/strait-of-hormuz-tensions-linger-as-iran-and-us-move-further-from-a-deal"},{"date":"2026-07-08","id":"2026-07-08-truce-collapses-us-strikes","title":"US-Iran truce collapses after tanker attacks; US strikes Iran","summary":"Following attacks on commercial ships, the US struck Iranian territory and Iran retaliated against US Gulf bases; Trump declared the truce over. The US revoked a 60-day waiver on Iranian oil sales, effective 17 July. Brent rose over 3% from near pre-war levels; one analyst said transits had stayed below 50% of pre-war levels for months.","category":"military","severity":"critical","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"strait-of-hormuz kharg-island","sources":"Al Jazeera — Oil surges as US strikes Iran, reversing return to pre-war prices | Al Jazeera — Strait of Hormuz: What has happened since the US-Iran MoU on June 17?","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/8/oil-prices-surge-as-us-strikes-iran-reversing-fall-to-pre-war-levels | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/9/strait-of-hormuz-what-has-happened-since-the-us-iran-mou-on-june-17"},{"date":"2026-07-07","id":"2026-07-07-al-rekayyat-wedyan-attacked","title":"Qatari LNG carrier Al Rekayyat and Saudi VLCC Wedyan hit near Hormuz","summary":"The Qatari LNG tanker Al Rekayyat caught fire after being hit off Limah, Oman, the first Qatari LNG ship struck in the war, and the Saudi supertanker Wedyan was damaged. Qatar and Saudi Arabia held Iran responsible. Qatar then largely halted LNG exports through the strait.","category":"shipping","severity":"critical","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"strait-of-hormuz ras-laffan-lng","sources":"Al Jazeera — Saudi, Qatari tankers hit as Strait of Hormuz risks worsen | Rigzone (Bloomberg wire) — Qatar ramps up LNG shipping via Hormuz","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/7/tanker-on-fire-off-coast-of-oman-after-being-hit-by-projectile | https://www.rigzone.com/news/wire/qatar_ramps_up_lng_shipping_via_hormuz-24-sep-2026-184690-article/"},{"date":"2026-06-25","id":"2026-06-25-oil-back-to-prewar","title":"Oil falls back to pre-war levels as Hormuz traffic resumes after MoU","summary":"Brent settled at $72.68 and WTI at $69.58 on 25 June, the lowest since 27 February, as Hormuz traffic partly resumed after the 17 June MoU. IMF PortWatch data showed 513 ships transiting between 18 June and 5 July, an average of 28 a day, against about 100 a day before the war.","category":"market","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Al Jazeera — Oil prices back to pre-war levels on rising Middle East supply | Al Jazeera — Strait of Hormuz: What has happened since the US-Iran MoU on June 17?","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/25/oil-prices-back-to-pre-war-levels-on-rising-middle-east-supply | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/9/strait-of-hormuz-what-has-happened-since-the-us-iran-mou-on-june-17"},{"date":"2026-06-22","id":"2026-06-22-ras-laffan-barzan-explosion","title":"Explosion at Barzan gas facility in Ras Laffan kills at least 13","summary":"An explosion at the Barzan gas facility in Ras Laffan Industrial City killed at least 13 workers two days after restart operations began. Qatar's energy minister blamed a technical malfunction, ruled out sabotage and said exports would not be affected.","category":"infrastructure","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"ras-laffan-lng north-field-south-pars-gas","sources":"Al Jazeera — Explosion at Qatar's Ras Laffan LNG facility kills at least 13","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/6/22/qatar-lng-factory-explosion-injures-54-leaves-18-missing-govt-says"},{"date":"2026-06-17","id":"2026-06-17-us-iran-mou","title":"US and Iran sign memorandum to end war and reopen Hormuz","summary":"Trump and Iranian President Pezeshkian signed a memorandum of understanding to end the war and restore shipping; Pakistan, the main mediator, said Iran would reopen the strait and the US blockade would end. Traffic recovered only partially, and five commercial vessels were attacked between 25 June and 7 July.","category":"diplomatic","severity":"high","confidence":"reported","assets":"strait-of-hormuz kharg-island","sources":"Al Jazeera — Strait of Hormuz: What has happened since the US-Iran MoU on June 17? | Wikipedia — 2026 Strait of Hormuz campaign (compiled timeline)","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/7/9/strait-of-hormuz-what-has-happened-since-the-us-iran-mou-on-june-17 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Strait_of_Hormuz_campaign"},{"date":"2026-05-21","id":"2026-05-21-panama-canal-near-capacity","title":"Panama Canal near capacity as US energy exports to Asia surge","summary":"Canal transits averaged 38/day, up 8% year on year and 16% over five weeks, near the 36-40 daily limit, driven by US tanker, LPG and LNG shipments to Asia; waiting times rose to 47 hours.","category":"shipping","severity":"medium","confidence":"reported","assets":"panama-canal","sources":"gCaptain — Panama Canal near capacity as Hormuz crisis drives surge in U.S. energy exports","source_urls":"https://gcaptain.com/panama-canal-near-capacity-as-hormuz-crisis-drives-surge-in-u-s-energy-exports/"},{"date":"2026-05-18","id":"2026-05-18-iran-strait-authority-tolls","title":"Iran launches Persian Gulf Strait Authority to permit and toll Hormuz transits","summary":"Iran set up the Persian Gulf Strait Authority, requiring vessels to declare ownership, insurance, crew and cargo and pay fees for transit permits; some ships reportedly paid ~$2 million per transit. Israeli-linked ships are banned. OFAC warned that payments could expose firms to sanctions.","category":"policy","severity":"high","confidence":"reported","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Jerusalem Post — Iran imposes tolls as new Persian Gulf Strait Authority takes control","source_urls":"https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iran-news/article-896582"},{"date":"2026-05-12","id":"2026-05-12-us-spr-exchange","title":"DOE awards 53.3 million barrel SPR emergency exchange","summary":"The Department of Energy began moving 53.3 million barrels from the SPR under exchange contracts with nine companies (largest: Trafigura, Marathon, ExxonMobil), on top of the 172 million barrels ordered in March. Brent was above $105 at the time.","category":"policy","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"us-spr","sources":"Al Jazeera — US moves to release more oil stockpiles under IEA agreement","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/5/12/us-moves-to-release-more-oil-stockpiles-under-iea-agreement"},{"date":"2026-05-04","id":"2026-05-04-fujairah-refinery-fire","title":"Iranian barrage sets Fujairah refinery ablaze during Project Freedom","summary":"The UAE said it engaged 12 ballistic missiles, 3 cruise missiles and 4 drones; a large fire broke out in the Fujairah Petroleum Industries Zone, injuring three, and an ADNOC-linked empty tanker was targeted. The attacks, the first since the 8 April ceasefire, came as the US launched the 'Project Freedom' tanker escort operation (paused 6 May). Brent rose 5.8% to $114.44.","category":"military","severity":"high","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"fujairah habshan-fujairah-pipeline","sources":"Al Jazeera — UAE accuses Iran of attacks as 'large fire' breaks out at oil refinery | Outlook Business — Drone strike hits UAE's Fujairah; why it matters for global oil supply | Wikipedia — 2026 Strait of Hormuz campaign (compiled timeline)","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/5/4/uae-reports-missile-and-drone-strikes-incoming-from-iran | https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/drone-strike-hits-uaes-fujairah-why-it-matters-for-global-oil-supply | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Strait_of_Hormuz_campaign"},{"date":"2026-05-01","id":"2026-05-01-uae-exits-opec","title":"UAE leaves OPEC and OPEC+","summary":"The UAE announced on 28 April that it would leave OPEC and OPEC+ from 1 May, ending 59 years of membership. It cited its national interest and its goal of 5 mb/d of production capacity by 2027.","category":"policy","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"zakum-oil","sources":"NPR — The UAE is leaving OPEC on Friday | Khaleej Times — UAE announces decision to withdraw from Opec, Opec+ from May 1 | Al Jazeera — What are OPEC and OPEC+, and why has the UAE quit?","source_urls":"https://www.npr.org/2026/04/28/nx-s1-5802735/uae-leaves-opec-oil | https://www.khaleejtimes.com/uae/uae-announces-decision-to-withdraw-from-opec-opec-from-may-1 | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/4/28/what-are-opec-and-opec-and-why-has-the-uae-quit"},{"date":"2026-04-23","id":"2026-04-23-druzhba-south-resumes","title":"Druzhba resumes Russian crude flows to Slovakia and Hungary","summary":"Oil flows through the southern Druzhba leg resumed on 23 April after a halt since January that Kyiv attributed to Russian strike damage near Brody; Slovakia's economy ministry confirmed receipt. Hungary then lifted its veto on a €90bn EU loan to Ukraine.","category":"infrastructure","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"druzhba-south","sources":"Pipeline Technology Journal — Druzhba pipeline resumes operation, sending oil to Slovakia and Hungary","source_urls":"https://www.pipeline-journal.net/news/druzhba-pipeline-resumes-operation-sending-oil-slovakia-and-hungary"},{"date":"2026-04-22","id":"2026-04-22-golden-pass-first-cargo","title":"Golden Pass LNG ships first cargo, becoming 9th US export terminal","summary":"Golden Pass LNG in Texas (QatarEnergy 70%, ExxonMobil 30%) loaded its first export cargo onto QatarEnergy's new carrier Al-Qaiyyah, weeks after first LNG production in late March. It gives Qatar LNG supply outside the Strait of Hormuz while its own plants are offline.","category":"infrastructure","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"golden-pass-lng","sources":"Energy Connects — QatarEnergy loads first LNG cargo from Golden Pass project | Upstream — QatarEnergy and ExxonMobil begin LNG exports from new US facility as Qatar LNG still offline","source_urls":"https://www.energyconnects.com/opinion/features/2026/april/qatarenergy-loads-first-lng-cargo-from-golden-pass-project/ | https://www.upstreamonline.com/lng/qatarenergy-and-exxonmobil-begin-lng-exports-from-new-us-facility-as-qatar-lng-still-offline/2-1-1979482"},{"date":"2026-04-13","id":"2026-04-13-us-blockade-iranian-ports","title":"US begins naval blockade of Iranian ports after Islamabad talks fail","summary":"After 21 hours of Pakistan-mediated talks ended without a deal, CENTCOM began blockading all maritime traffic to and from Iranian ports at 10:00 ET on 13 April, saying it would not impede transits to non-Iranian ports. More than 90% of Iran's seaborne trade moves through Hormuz.","category":"military","severity":"critical","confidence":"reported","assets":"kharg-island strait-of-hormuz","sources":"FDD — U.S. blockading ships entering or exiting Iranian ports along Strait of Hormuz | Wikipedia — 2026 Strait of Hormuz campaign (compiled timeline)","source_urls":"https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2026/04/13/u-s-blockading-ships-entering-or-exiting-iranian-ports-along-strait-of-hormuz/ | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Strait_of_Hormuz_campaign"},{"date":"2026-04-08","id":"2026-04-08-us-iran-ceasefire","title":"Two-week US-Iran ceasefire announced; oil posts record one-day fall","summary":"A temporary US-Iran ceasefire was agreed on 8 April and oil posted its largest daily drop since April 2020. Hormuz traffic stayed far below pre-war levels; about 14 LNG cargoes were trapped in the Gulf.","category":"diplomatic","severity":"high","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Al Jazeera — UAE accuses Iran of attacks as 'large fire' breaks out at oil refinery | The National — Qatar's Ras Laffan LNG site may not be fully back online for months | Wikipedia — 2026–present world oil market chronology (compiled)","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/5/4/uae-reports-missile-and-drone-strikes-incoming-from-iran | https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/energy/2026/04/09/months-expected-until-qatars-ras-laffan-lng-site-resumes-full-operations/ | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026%E2%80%93present_world_oil_market_chronology"},{"date":"2026-04-06","id":"2026-04-06-novorossiysk-cpc-sheskharis-strike","title":"Ukraine hits CPC and Sheskharis terminals at Novorossiysk","summary":"A Ukrainian strike damaged a CPC mooring-point pipeline and loading facilities and set four storage tanks ablaze at the Sheskharis terminal, which handles roughly 20% of Russian seaborne crude exports. CPC carries ~1% of world oil supply and ~80% of Kazakh exports.","category":"military","severity":"high","confidence":"reported","assets":"novorossiysk cpc-pipeline","sources":"The Moscow Times — Ukraine hits major oil terminal in southern Russia","source_urls":"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2026/04/06/ukraine-hits-major-oil-terminal-in-southern-russia-moscow-a92430"},{"date":"2026-04-02","id":"2026-04-02-leviathan-restarts","title":"Israel's Leviathan gas field restarts after five-week war shutdown","summary":"Israel's energy ministry said Leviathan would return to operation after being shut on 28 February, when Leviathan and Karish were halted as a precaution, cutting exports to Egypt and Jordan. Tamar was the only producing field during the shutdown.","category":"infrastructure","severity":"medium","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"leviathan-gas tamar-gas arab-gas-pipeline eastern-mediterranean-energy-zone","sources":"BOE Report (Reuters) — Israel's Leviathan gas field to resume operations after war shutdown","source_urls":"https://boereport.com/2026/04/02/israels-leviathan-gas-field-to-resume-operations-after-war-shutdown-energy-ministry-says/"},{"date":"2026-03-25","id":"2026-03-25-baltic-ports-loadings-halted","title":"Drone strikes halt loadings at Primorsk and Ust-Luga","summary":"Loadings at Russia's two largest Baltic oil ports were suspended after repeated drone strikes started fires; Reuters estimated ~40% of Russian oil export capacity (~2 mb/d) was offline, with at least 50 tankers waiting. Novorossiysk was also behind schedule after earlier attacks. Druzhba exports to Hungary and Slovakia had been halted since January.","category":"military","severity":"critical","confidence":"reported","assets":"novorossiysk druzhba-south","sources":"The Moscow Times (citing Reuters) — Ukrainian drone strikes halt at least 40% of Russia's oil export capacity","source_urls":"https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2026/03/25/ukrainian-drone-strikes-halt-at-least-40-of-russias-oil-export-capacity-reuters-a92339"},{"date":"2026-03-24","id":"2026-03-24-qatarenergy-force-majeure","title":"QatarEnergy declares long-term force majeure; 17% of capacity out for 3-5 years","summary":"QatarEnergy declared force majeure on long-term LNG contracts with buyers in Italy, Belgium, South Korea and China. The 19 March strikes damaged two of 14 LNG trains and a GTL plant, removing 12.8 mtpa (~17% of export capacity); repairs are estimated at 3-5 years and lost revenue at ~$20bn a year.","category":"infrastructure","severity":"critical","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"ras-laffan-lng","sources":"Al Jazeera — QatarEnergy declares force majeure on some LNG contracts due to Iran war | Fox Business — QatarEnergy declares force majeure after Iran strikes on Ras Laffan facility","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/24/qatarenergy-declares-force-majeure-on-some-lng-contracts | https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/iranian-strikes-cut-17-qatar-lng-output-threatening-global-supply"},{"date":"2026-03-20","id":"2026-03-20-iraq-force-majeure","title":"Iraq declares force majeure on foreign-operated fields as Basra exports halt","summary":"Iraq's oil ministry declared force majeure on 20 March on fields operated by foreign companies after ordering shutdowns on 17 March; Basra Oil Company cut output from ~3.3 mb/d to ~0.9 mb/d with southern exports halted by the Hormuz closure. Rumaila had already cut up to 700 kb/d.","category":"infrastructure","severity":"critical","confidence":"reported","assets":"rumaila-oil strait-of-hormuz","sources":"Middle East Forum — What does Iraq's force majeure declaration mean for energy markets?","source_urls":"https://www.meforum.org/mef-observer/what-does-iraqs-force-majeure-declaration-mean-for-energy-markets"},{"date":"2026-03-19","id":"2026-03-19-iran-retaliates-gulf-energy","title":"Iran strikes Ras Laffan, SAMREF, Habshan and Kuwaiti refineries","summary":"In retaliation for the South Pars strike, Iran hit Qatar's Ras Laffan complex (extensive damage), UAE's Habshan gas facility and Bab field, Saudi Arabia's SAMREF refinery at Yanbu, and Kuwait's Mina al-Ahmadi and Mina Abdullah refineries (Mina al-Ahmadi was hit again on 20 March). Brent rose above $110.","category":"military","severity":"critical","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"ras-laffan-lng yanbu-terminal mina-al-ahmadi habshan-fujairah-pipeline","sources":"OPB/NPR — Israel and Iran attack gas facilities in a major escalation that rattles markets | Al Jazeera — QatarEnergy declares force majeure on some LNG contracts due to Iran war","source_urls":"https://www.opb.org/article/2026/03/19/israel-and-iran-attack-gas-facilities-rattling-markets/ | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/24/qatarenergy-declares-force-majeure-on-some-lng-contracts"},{"date":"2026-03-19","id":"2026-03-19-haifa-bazan-refinery-hit","title":"Iranian missile damages infrastructure serving Haifa's Bazan refinery","summary":"An Iranian missile hit the Haifa Bay area, damaging third-party infrastructure essential to the Bazan refinery; most production remained active and restoration was expected to take a few days.","category":"military","severity":"medium","confidence":"reported","assets":"eastern-mediterranean-energy-zone","sources":"Times of Israel — Haifa refinery says more missile attack damage found near site, but most production online","source_urls":"https://www.timesofisrael.com/haifa-refinery-says-more-missile-attack-damage-found-near-site-but-most-production-online/"},{"date":"2026-03-18","id":"2026-03-18-south-pars-strike","title":"Israel strikes South Pars gas processing at Asaluyeh","summary":"Israel struck gas treatment facilities at Asaluyeh serving the South Pars field, which supplies about 70% of Iran's domestic gas, triggering Iranian retaliation against Gulf energy infrastructure. Trump said the US 'knew nothing' in advance and threatened South Pars if attacks on Qatar continued.","category":"military","severity":"critical","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"north-field-south-pars-gas south-pars-oil-layer-oil","sources":"OPB/NPR — Israel and Iran attack gas facilities in a major escalation that rattles markets | Al Jazeera — QatarEnergy declares force majeure on some LNG contracts due to Iran war","source_urls":"https://www.opb.org/article/2026/03/19/israel-and-iran-attack-gas-facilities-rattling-markets/ | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/24/qatarenergy-declares-force-majeure-on-some-lng-contracts"},{"date":"2026-03-18","id":"2026-03-18-kirkuk-ceyhan-restart","title":"Iraq restarts crude exports via Kirkuk-Ceyhan pipeline","summary":"Iraq and the Kurdistan Regional Government resumed exports through the Kirkuk-Ceyhan pipeline to Turkey on 18 March at ~250 kb/d, with up to 200 kb/d more possible. Iraqi output had fallen to ~1.4 mb/d from ~4.2 mb/d and southern exports (3.4 mb/d pre-war) were halted.","category":"infrastructure","severity":"high","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"kirkuk-ceyhan-pipeline ceyhan-terminal kirkuk-oil","sources":"The National — Iraq resumes crude oil exports to Turkey's Ceyhan port through pipeline","source_urls":"https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/energy/2026/03/18/iraq-to-resume-oil-exports-via-turkeys-ceyhan-port-amid-regional-tensions/"},{"date":"2026-03-14","id":"2026-03-14-fujairah-loadings-suspended","title":"Drone strikes halt ADNOC crude loadings at Fujairah; Shah gas field shut","summary":"Drone strikes and fires at Fujairah on 14 and 16 March halted loadings of ADNOC Murban crude (normally over 1 mb/d) at the UAE's only export outlet outside Hormuz; the port kept operating at reduced capacity. A drone attack also shut the Shah sour-gas field, which supplies at least 500 MMcf/d.","category":"military","severity":"critical","confidence":"reported","assets":"fujairah habshan-fujairah-pipeline","sources":"Cyprus Mail (Reuters) — Attacks on UAE's Fujairah port, Shah gas field add to energy disruptions","source_urls":"https://cyprus-mail.com/2026/03/17/attacks-on-uaes-fujairah-port-shah-gas-field-add-to-energy-disruptions"},{"date":"2026-03-14","id":"2026-03-14-us-strikes-kharg-military","title":"US strikes 90 military targets on Kharg Island, spares oil terminal","summary":"CENTCOM struck about 90 military targets on Kharg Island, including mine and missile storage, while deliberately sparing the terminal that handles ~90% of Iran's crude exports. Iran warned it would destroy regional oil and gas infrastructure if its own were hit.","category":"military","severity":"high","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"kharg-island","sources":"NBC News — U.S. bombing of Kharg Island, Iran's critical oil hub, sparks new threats","source_urls":"https://www.nbcnews.com/world/iran/iran-threatens-strike-oil-facilities-us-hits-military-targets-kharg-is-rcna263453"},{"date":"2026-03-11","id":"2026-03-11-iea-400mb-release","title":"IEA agrees record 400 mb emergency stock release; US to release 172 mb","summary":"All 32 IEA members agreed a 400 million barrel collective stock release, the largest ever and the sixth in IEA history. The US announced a 172 million barrel contribution from its Strategic Petroleum Reserve and Japan about 80 million barrels. The IEA has called the disruption the largest in the history of the oil market.","category":"policy","severity":"high","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"us-spr","sources":"U.S. Department of Energy — United States to release 172 million barrels of oil from the SPR | Hydrocarbon Processing — IEA announces record release of strategic stocks | IEA — Member countries to carry out largest ever oil stock release (news release; page title seen via search, direct fetch blocked)","source_urls":"https://www.energy.gov/articles/united-states-release-172-million-barrels-oil-strategic-petroleum-reserve | https://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/news/2026/03/iea-announces-record-release-of-strategic-stocks-in-response-to-iran-war-oil-price-surge/ | https://www.iea.org/news/iea-member-countries-to-carry-out-largest-ever-oil-stock-release-amid-market-disruptions-from-middle-east-conflict"},{"date":"2026-03-02","id":"2026-03-02-qatar-halts-lng","title":"QatarEnergy halts LNG production after attacks; TTF jumps 46%","summary":"QatarEnergy halted production after military attacks on Ras Laffan and Mesaieed industrial cities. Qatar supplies about 20% of world LNG. Dutch TTF front-month rose €14.52 to €46.52/MWh on 2 March from about €32 the previous Friday.","category":"infrastructure","severity":"critical","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"ras-laffan-lng north-field-south-pars-gas","sources":"Al Jazeera — QatarEnergy declares force majeure on some LNG contracts due to Iran war | RTÉ — European gas prices surge by 46% after QatarEnergy move","source_urls":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/24/qatarenergy-declares-force-majeure-on-some-lng-contracts | https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2026/0302/1561275-gas-prices/"},{"date":"2026-03-02","id":"2026-03-02-ras-tanura-refinery-shut","title":"Aramco shuts Ras Tanura refinery after drone attack","summary":"Aramco shut its 550 kb/d Ras Tanura refinery after a drone attack caused a fire, with a temporary halt in loadings reported; the Saudi energy ministry said the damage came from debris of intercepted drones. Brent rose to about $80.","category":"military","severity":"high","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"ras-tanura-refinery ras-tanura-terminal","sources":"The National — Saudi Aramco shuts down Ras Tanura refinery due to 'drone attack'","source_urls":"https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/2026/03/02/saudi-aramco-shuts-down-ras-tanura-refinery-following-drone-attack/"},{"date":"2026-02-28","id":"2026-02-28-hormuz-closed-war-begins","title":"US-Israeli strikes on Iran; IRGC declares Strait of Hormuz closed","summary":"After US-Israeli strikes that killed Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, the IRGC broadcast that no ship may pass the strait; by 2 March it limited passage to Iran-approved vessels. Major carriers suspended transits and war-risk premiums jumped. Before the war about 20 mb/d of oil (around a quarter of seaborne oil trade) and almost 20% of global LNG trade passed through Hormuz (IEA, based on Kpler). Israel shut the Leviathan and Karish gas fields as a precaution.","category":"military","severity":"critical","confidence":"confirmed","assets":"strait-of-hormuz leviathan-gas","sources":"NPR — Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, has been killed | PBS NewsHour — Trump says Iranian supreme leader Ali Khamenei killed in U.S.-Israeli strikes | Wikipedia — 2026 Strait of Hormuz campaign (compiled timeline) | Al Jazeera — Strait of Hormuz tensions linger as Iran and US move further from a deal | Trading Economics — Brent news item (Feb 28, 2026) | BOE Report (Reuters) — Israel's Leviathan gas field to resume operations after war shutdown | IEA — Strait of Hormuz Factsheet (Feb 2026, based on Kpler)","source_urls":"https://www.npr.org/2026/02/28/nx-s1-5730158/israel-iran-strikes-trump-us | https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/trump-says-iranian-supreme-leader-ali-khamenei-killed-in-u-s-israeli-strikes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Strait_of_Hormuz_campaign | https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/9/27/strait-of-hormuz-tensions-linger-as-iran-and-us-move-further-from-a-deal | https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/brent-crude-oil/news/529247 | https://boereport.com/2026/04/02/israels-leviathan-gas-field-to-resume-operations-after-war-shutdown-energy-ministry-says/ | https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/c8248eba-8689-46d9-ae4b-b858b59c0f1c/StraitofHormuz2026-Factsheet.pdf"}]}