Oil pipeline
Keystone Pipeline System
Canada (Hardisty, Alberta) to US refineries at Patoka, Cushing and the Texas Gulf Coast. ~4,300 km.
Overview
Canada (Hardisty, Alberta) to US refineries at Patoka, Cushing and the Texas Gulf Coast. ~4,300 km. Capacity ~620,000 bpd of heavy Canadian crude. Operated by South Bow (spun off from TC Energy in 2024).
Geopolitical context
The system became a symbol of US climate politics: the Keystone XL expansion was rejected by Obama, revived by Trump, and permanently cancelled on Biden's first day in 2021. The existing line still ties Alberta oil sands to Gulf Coast refineries that were built to run heavy crude. That integration gives the US access to secure heavy barrels, and gives Canada a reason to seek alternatives (TMX) whenever US trade policy turns hostile.
Nearby
- Haynesville Shale Gas field · ~1338 km
- Permian Basin Oil field · ~1414 km
- Cameron LNG LNG terminal · ~1591 km
- Port Arthur / Beaumont Refining Hub Refinery · ~1599 km
- Houston / Texas City Refining Hub Refinery · ~1599 km
- Golden Pass LNG LNG terminal · ~1611 km