Strategic Energy Map

Gas pipeline

Yamal-Europe Pipeline

Russia (Yamal Peninsula) through Belarus and Poland to Germany. ~4,107 km.

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Overview

Russia (Yamal Peninsula) through Belarus and Poland to Germany. ~4,107 km. Capacity ~33 bcm/yr. Commissioned 1999. Key northern transit route; flows reversed/halted amid Russia-Europe tensions post-2022.

Geopolitical context

Transits Belarus, tying Minsk's economy to Russian energy infrastructure and reinforcing the Russia-Belarus political union. Poland, despite being a transit state, has been one of the most aggressive EU members in seeking alternatives — commissioning the Baltic Pipe from Norway (2022) and expanding its LNG terminal at Świnoujście. Russia halted westward flows in 2022; Poland and Germany have since used the pipeline in reverse mode to distribute non-Russian gas. Demonstrates how pipeline infrastructure built for one geopolitical era can be repurposed when alliances shift.

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