Gas pipeline
Egypt (El-Arish) to Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon. ~1,200 km.
Updated April 2, 2026 · View on the live map →
Egypt (El-Arish) to Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon. ~1,200 km. Capacity ~10 bcm/yr. Commissioned 2003 (Phase 1). Frequently sabotaged in Sinai. Largely underutilized due to Egypt's domestic demand and regional instability.
A case study in how regional instability undermines energy integration. The Sinai section was bombed 15+ times between 2011-2014 by Islamist militants. The Syrian civil war made the northern segments inoperable. In 2021-2022, the US facilitated a deal to send Egyptian gas to Lebanon via Jordan and Syria (the "gas for electricity" arrangement), requiring a US sanctions waiver since Syrian territory was involved. Lebanon's economic collapse made it desperate for any energy supply. The pipeline illustrates how energy infrastructure designed for one regional order (pre-Arab Spring) becomes a tool of crisis diplomacy in the next.
Israel's energy ministry said Leviathan would return to operation after being shut on 28 February, when Leviathan and Karish were halted as a precaution, cutting exports to Egypt and Jordan. Tamar was the only producing field during the shutdown.