Nord Stream 1 & 2

Overview

Russia to Germany via Baltic Sea. ~1,224 km. Combined capacity ~110 bcm/yr. NS1 commissioned 2011, NS2 completed 2021 but never entered regular service. Both severely damaged by explosions in Sept 2022.

Geopolitical context

Centerpiece of Germany's decades-long Ostpolitik energy relationship with Russia. NS2 became a flashpoint between the US and Germany — Washington sanctioned construction firms, arguing it deepened European dependence on Moscow. The Sept 2022 sabotage (widely attributed to a state actor, investigations ongoing) effectively severed the Russia-Germany gas axis. Accelerated Europe's pivot to LNG imports (US, Qatar, Norway) and forced Germany into an emergency energy transition. The pipelines symbolize the collapse of the post-Cold War assumption that trade interdependence guarantees peace.

Nearby

• Ust-Luga port (oil and products) Port / transit hub · ~808 km
• Gelsenkirchen Refinery Refinery · ~822 km
• Primorsk oil terminal Port / transit hub · ~853 km
• Rotterdam Refining Hub Refinery · ~904 km
• Rotterdam Port / transit hub · ~904 km
• Druzhba Pipeline (Northern Branch) Oil pipeline · ~996 km